Minoan villa of Klimataria

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
West side of the "Minoan Villa" of Klimataria

The Minoan villa of Klimataria ( Greek Κληματαριά , vine arbor ') refers to an archaeological excavation site in the east of the Greek island of Crete . It is located in the Sitia municipality of the Lasithi regional unit . The generic term "Minoan villa" describes a type of building that is largely limited to the new palace period of the Minoan culture .

Location and history

The "Minoan Villa" of Klimataria is about 20 meters above sea level on the eastern slope of the 80-meter-high hill Manares (Μάναρες) directly on the road from about 1.6 kilometers southwest of Piskokefalo (Πισκοκέφαλο) to the city of Sitia (Σητεία) in the north. The center of Sitia is approximately 2.1 kilometers away. Immediately to the east of the excavation site, outside of the dry season, the Stomio potamos (Στόμιο ποταμός), a stream that flows over the Pedelis potamos (Πεντέλης ποταμός) near Sitia into the bay of Sitia (Όρμος Σητείας) flows into the bay of Sitia (Όρμος Σητείας). The bay on the north coast of Crete on the Aegean Sea is 1.55 kilometers as the crow flies northeast of the "Minoan Villa".

The remains of the building were discovered in 1952 when the road from Sitia to Ierapetra was being built . The planned street layout ran directly through or over the foundation walls of the "Minoan Villa". At the time of the first visit by the archaeologist Nikolaos Platon in October 1952, parts of the site had already been destroyed as a result of the construction work. Today the remaining parts of the building are visible on both sides of the street. After Nikolaos Plato's excavations from 1952 to 1954, the archaeological site was re-explored in 2003 under the direction of Eleni Mantzourani .

West wing staircase

The "Minoan villa" of Klimataria was used from the Middle Minoan phase MM III A to the late Minoan phase SM I (around 1700–1480 BC). Like the “villas” of Achladia , Zou and Agios Georgios , it belonged to the hinterland of the Palace of Petras in the new palace period . The stand-alone building, which does not belong to any settlement, was built on four levels on the eastern slope of Manares Hill. With a north-south extension of 21 meters and an east-west extension of 30 meters (about 70 × 100 Minoan feet ) it comprised a built-up area of ​​486 m². The archaeologist Jan Driessen estimated the population to be 48, based on 10 m² per person. The thick and solid construction of the walls indicates at least one upper floor.

North stairs of the east wing

The building was mainly made of uncut marl - limestone from the area around the site. In addition, a limited amount of sandstone was used from a further distance. Some of the outer walls, but not only these, are made of ashlar masonry . The size of the cuboids used varies between 0.80 × 0.60 × 0.60 meters and 1.40 × 1.85 × 0.70 meters. In the lower area the masonry seems to have protected against flooding of the Stomio potamos , whose bed, according to Nikolaos Plato in Minoan times, ran further west, almost to the foundation walls of the “villa”. The two-sided staircases of the east wing and the two entrance houses gave the building a symmetrical structure. In the west wing a staircase runs up in the middle between the rooms. In total, only bases of three door posts and one pillar were found.

In both wings of the remains of the building, lower parts of pithoi were discovered, which were suitable for storing various products. This led to the assumption that the "Minoan villa" of Klimataria served agricultural purposes. There is a presumption that the products grown around the "villa" were shipped via the Stomio potamos to the bay of Sitia.

literature

  • Nikolaos Plato : Άνασκαφαί περιοχής Σητείας: Μινωική έπαυλης Σητείας . In: Η εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία (Ed.): Πρακτικά της εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας . tape 107 , 1952, pp. 636–639 (Greek, digital version [PDF; accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  • Eleni Mantzourani, Giorgos Vavouranakis, Chrysanthos Kanellopoulos: The Klimataria-Manares Building Reconsidered . In: American Journal of Archeology . tape 109 , no. 4 . Archaeological Institute of America, 2005, ISSN  0002-9114 , pp. 743-776 , JSTOR : 40025696 (English, AJA online ).
  • Quentin Letesson: Du Phénotype au génotype: Analyze de la syntaxe spatiale en architecture minoenne (MMIIIB - MRIB) (=  Aegis . No. 2 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2009, ISBN 978-2-87463-181-8 , Klimataria-Manares, p. 226–231 (French, digitized [accessed January 16, 2018]).
  • Maud Devolder: Labor Costs and Neopalatial Architecture: A Study of the Buildings at Klimataria-Manares and Achladia and the Palace at Gournia . In: Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, Ute Günkel-Maschek (Ed.): Minoan Realities (=  Aegis . No. 5 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2012, ISBN 978-2-87558-100-6 , p. 165–179 (English, digitized version [accessed on January 16, 2018]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sabine Westerburg-Eberl: "Minoan Villas" in the New Palace period on Crete . In: Harald Siebenmorgen (Ed.): In the Labyrinth of Minos: Crete - the first European high culture [Exhibition of the Badisches Landesmuseum, 27.1. until April 29, 2001, Karlsruhe, Schloss] . Biering & Brinkmann, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930609-26-6 , pp. 87 ( digital version [PDF; 1.7 MB ; accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b Quentin Letesson: Du Phénotype au génotype: Analyze de la syntaxe spatiale en architecture minoenne (MMIIIB - MRIB) (=  Aegis . No. 2 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2009, ISBN 978-2-87463-181-8 , Klimataria-Manares, p. 226 (French, excerpt [accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  3. ↑ a b c Quentin Letesson: Du Phénotype au génotype: Analyze de la syntaxe spatiale en architecture minoenne (MMIIIB - MRIB) (=  Aegis . No. 2 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2009, ISBN 978-2-87463-181-8 , Klimataria-Manares, p. 227 (French, excerpt [accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  4. ↑ a b Eleni Mantzourani, Giorgos Vavouranakis, Chrysanthos Kanellopoulos: The Klimataria-Manares Building Reconsidered . In: American Journal of Archeology . tape 109 , no. 4 . Archaeological Institute of America, 2005, ISSN  0002-9114 , pp. 743 , JSTOR : 40025696 (English, AJA online ).
  5. ↑ Maud Devolder: Labor Costs and Neopalatial Architecture: A Study of the Buildings at Klimataria-Manares and Achladia and the Palace at Gournia . In: Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, Ute Günkel-Maschek (Ed.): Minoan Realities (=  Aegis . No. 5 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2012, ISBN 978-2-87558-100-6 , The buildings at Klimataria-Manares and Achladia, pp. 170 (English, excerpt [accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Maud Devolder: Labor Costs and Neopalatial Architecture: A Study of the Buildings at Klimataria-Manares and Achladia and the Palace at Gournia . In: Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, Ute Günkel-Maschek (Ed.): Minoan Realities (=  Aegis . No. 5 ). Presses universitaires de Louvain, Leuven 2012, ISBN 978-2-87558-100-6 , The buildings at Klimataria-Manares and Achladia, pp. 171 (English, excerpt [accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  7. ^ Jan Driessen: Spirit of Place: Minoan Houses as Major Actors . In: Daniel J. Pullen (Ed.): Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age . Oxbow Books, Oxford 2010, ISBN 978-1-84217-392-3 , Minoan established houses, pp. 51 (English, digitized version [accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  8. ↑ a b Eleni Mantzourani, Giorgos Vavouranakis: Megalithic versus Status: The Architectural Design and Masonry of Exceptional Late Bronze Age I Buildings in East Crete . In: Mediterranean Archeology and Archaeometry . tape 5 , no. 2 . MAA, 2005, Klimataria, p. 38–39 (English, digitized version [PDF; 2.0 MB ; accessed on January 16, 2018]).
  9. ↑ a b Klimataria. Minoan Crete, 2016, accessed January 16, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Minoan Villa of Klimataria  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Coordinates: 35 ° 11 ′ 26.6 ″  N , 26 ° 6 ′ 13.4 ″  E