Mission San Francisco de Asís
| Mission San Francisco de Asís | |
|---|---|
 Overall view of the mission |
|
| Data | |
| place | 320 Dolores Street, San Francisco , California , United States
|
| Architectural style | Mission style |
| Construction year | 1791 |
| Coordinates | 37 ° 45 '51.6 " N , 122 ° 25' 36.9" W |
The Mission San Francisco de Asís , also known as Mission Dolores is known, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco and the sixth mission of the Spanish missions in California as part of the El Camino Real in California . The mission is under the direction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco.
history
On June 29, 1776, Lieutenant Joaquin José Moraga and Franciscan Father Francisco Palóu , both members of the Expedition de Anza , founded a mission in a lagoon they called Nuestra Señora de los Dolores . It was named San Francisco de Asís in memory of St. Francis of Assisi . A small makeshift building was consecrated on September 17, 1776. The mission was the sixth that was founded by Spanish settlers to proselytize the indigenous peoples of California. To their safety was at the Golden Gate , a Presidio built. The nearby settlement was given the name Yerba Buena . The Franciscan Father Junipero Serra played a particularly important role in the establishment and management .
In 1791 the mission was moved to its current location. It replaced a small log house with a thatched roof. More than 36,000 mud bricks were used to build it. At the beginning of the 19th century, the mission was still one of the most important and largest settlements in Alta California, Spain. In 1810, 1,013 Indians lived there, 580 of them men and 433 women. The associated farm owned 11,000 sheep and cows, over 1,000 horses and also goats, pigs and other farm animals. Twenty looms processed wool into fabric in the factory. The ranch stretched from San Mateo in the south to Alameda in the east. According to church records beginning in 1776, 3699 Indians and 196 whites had been baptized by 1810.
Scarce supplies, disease epidemics and, last but not least, the secularization law passed by the Mexican government in 1843 led to their decline. At the time, visitors described the mission as poor and the state of construction as ruinous. After the Mexican-American War , the city fell to the United States. The increase in population meant that soon more Irish than Spaniards were buried in the cemetery.
During the California gold rush , the mission district was used as an entertainment district at times. The furniture was stolen and placed in neighboring arcades and saloons. By 1876, the building complex that originally formed a square, with the exception of the mission chapel, was demolished and a brick church in neo-Gothic style was built in its place .
The old mission survived the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco with only minor damage, while the large brick church erected to the right collapsed and was rebuilt in a different style from 1918 to 1926. The church was founded in 1952 by Pope Pius XII. raised to the rank of a minor basilica . On March 16, 1972, the mission was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Furnishing
The elongated mission building that still exists today was consecrated in 1791. It has a length of 34.7 m and a width of 6.7 m. The walls are 1.2 m thick and are made of more than 36,000 mud bricks. The ore beams were made from sequoias. The baroque altar was obtained from Mexico in 1796. The two side altars were created in 1810. The three still preserved historical bells, which are dedicated to Saints Joseph, Francis and Martin, were also cast in Mexico. A small museum displays sacred objects.
graveyard
The old mission cemetery adjacent to the south is probably the oldest and now also the only one that lies within the city limits. Among other things, there are graves of Spanish pioneers, including those of the governor Luis Antonio Arguello and the lieutenant Moraga. Also a mass grave of allegedly 5000 Indians who died in an epidemic at the beginning of the 19th century. From the middle of the 19th century, mainly Irish immigrants were buried there. The now reduced cemetery originally stretched west to Church Street and north to today's 16th Street.
Trivia
Central scenes from Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Vertigo - From the Realm of the Dead , which were also filmed there in 1958, play here.
literature
- Kathleen J. Edgar, Susan E. Edgar: Mission San Francisco de Asís , The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2003
- Zephyrin Engelhardt: San Francisco or Mission Dolores, Franciscan herald press, Chicago, 1924
Web links
- Official site of the Mission (Engl.)
- Official site of the Archdiocese (Engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The emergence of the city of San Francisco - Medienwerkstatt-Wissen © 2006-2017 Medienwerkstatt. March 18, 2013, accessed June 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Ole Helmhausen: Baedeker Travel Guide USA Northwest . Mair Dumont DE, 2016, ISBN 978-3-575-42003-9 ( google.de [accessed June 15, 2019]).
- ^ Prelinger Library: San Francisco or Mission Dolores . Chicago, Ill., Franciscan herald press, 1924 ( archive.org [accessed June 18, 2019]).
- ↑ Edna E. Kimbro, Julia G. Costello, Tevvy Ball: The California Missions: History, Art, and Preservation . Getty Publications, 2009, ISBN 978-0-89236-983-6 ( google.de [accessed June 15, 2019]).
- ^ Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi on gcatholic.org
- ↑ Entry in the National Register Information System . National Park Service , accessed May 25, 2016
- ↑ Manfred Braunger: DuMont Direct Travel Guide San Francisco . Dumont Reiseverlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-616-41125-5 ( google.de [accessed June 14, 2019]).
- ↑ Kathleen J. Edgar, Susan E. Edgar: Mission San Francisco de Asís . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8239-5887-0 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).