Myasishchev M-50
| Myasishchev M-50 | |
|---|---|
 Myasishchev M-50 in the museum in Monino |
|
| Type: | Strategic bomber |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
October 27, 1959 |
| Number of pieces: |
2 |
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The Mjasishchev M-50 ( Russian Мясищев М-50 , NATO code name : Bounder , German villain, rascal ) was a prototype for a Soviet nuclear-powered supersonic bomber from the 1950s.
history
M-50
As a counterpoint to the construction of the US supersonic bombers like Convair B-58 Hustler , the Soviet Council of Ministers decided on 30 July 1954, the development of a supersonic-capable long-range bomber , the h a top speed of 1800 km /, an operating altitude of 16,000 meters and a range of 13,000 km with five tons of weapon load. The OKB-23 received the order to develop the M-50 from Vladimir Myasishchev , with Jakow Nodelmann being appointed chief designer. The first draft was completed in February 1955, and in December 1955 the final configuration of the machine was determined. Up until then, 39 designs, some of which were exotic, had been examined in the ZAGI wind tunnel , until the decision was made to build a classic delta wing construction. The all-metal construction was relatively advanced and demanding for the time.
However, on March 28, 1956, the requirements were modified. Now the bomber should reach 2000 km / h and fly supersonic without an afterburner , which was to be achieved, among other things, by four RD 16-17 engines with 205.8 kN thrust each, which were developed in the aero engine plant in Kazan under the direction of Prokopi Subez . A dummy of the machine was completed on May 1, 1956 and presented to a commission of the air forces headed by Marshal Vladimir Sudez , which rejected the model mainly because of the extremely long take-off distance of 2800 m despite the starter missiles.
After a contradiction by the responsible minister Pawel Dementjew with the chief of the air force Pawel Shigarjow the requirements were reduced again on September 19, 1956 and the permission for the construction of two revised prototypes and a static test vehicle was given. In August 1958, Nikita Khrushchev and Defense Minister Rodion Malinovsky visited the plant and found out about the state of development.
The first prototype was completed in the summer of 1959 and transported to Zhukovsky by ship on the Moscow River . The first prototype of the machine, now known as the M-50A , took off on October 27, 1959 with the works pilot Nikolai Goryanov and the test pilot Anatoli Lipko on board for its 35-minute maiden flight. Since the development of the RD-16-17 engines was far behind schedule, it was equipped with two WD-7 engines with 107.8 kN thrust and two WD-7A developed by Wladimir Dobrynin and was intended for testing the design and used for handling.
M-52
The second prototype, which was initially called the M-50B, but was later given the designation M-52 , was then to receive the more powerful Subez engines as well as the complete series equipment including an air refueling system. The engine installation of the engines at the wing tips was modified so that they were now attached to a part of the wing that had a negative sweep. A second horizontal stabilizer, added to the existing horizontal stabilizer on the rear fuselage, on top of the fin of the vertical stabilizer. The front fuselage of the M-52 was redesigned, instead of the tandem cockpit of the M-50 with seats one behind the other, the M-52 was given a wider cockpit section with two pilot seats next to each other. It was envisaged that the M-52 could carry two long-range cruise missiles on carriers angled downwards, which are arranged at the height of the wings on the sides of the fuselage. On May 12, 1960, the machine collided while taxiing with a 3ME bomber , the radio operator of which was killed. In the course of testing, the inner engines were replaced by more powerful WD-7MAs with 156.8 kN thrust, before the program came to an abrupt end in October 1960 after 18 starts.
The OKB-23 was dissolved and incorporated into the OKB-52 under Vladimir Chelomej , while Vladimir Myasishchev was appointed director of the ZAGI. The ready-to-fly prototype of the M-52 was parked on a parking space in Zhukovsky. In May 1961 it was decided to present the M-50A at the air parade in Tuschino, and so it was made airworthy again by a team under Nodelmann. In the course of testing, the machine received different tactical characteristics, which was supposed to simulate an operational fleet to the world. On her last flight in the parade on July 9, 1961, she wore the tactical number 12. On October 30, 1968, the aircraft was taken to the Air Force Museum in Monino, where it can still be viewed today. The M-52 was scrapped.
It is believed that this aircraft could reach a speed of Mach 1.8. In addition to any technical problems had, however, now intercontinental ballistic missiles proved to be effective weapons for the intended use against bombers.
Based on the M-50, the Myasishchev design office designed other aircraft, but they never got beyond the drawing board stage. For example the M-54, which was to receive a different arrangement of the engines, the strategic Mach 3 bomber M-56 with six engines (a dummy built) and its civilian version M-55.
construction
The M-50 was powered by four Soloviev engines with 13,000 kp thrust each, two of which were attached under the wings and two on the wing tips of the delta wings . The delta wings with a 57 ° sweep on the fuselage and 54 ° near the wing tip were mounted in the shoulder position, whereas the vertical stabilizer was conventionally designed. The landing gear consisted of two four-wheeled main landing gear, one behind the other, and two support landing gear with double tires at the wing ends. The two pilots sat one behind the other and were supported by a number of control systems. An ABSU-50 autopilot and an automatic system to control the center of gravity by pumping fuel during the transition to supersonic flight were used for the first time in a Soviet aircraft . A Planeta station , the RSIU-3M command station and a Kerd-S as an emergency radio were available as radio systems. In addition, the avionics consisted of the radio altimeters RW-5 and RW-25, the navigation complex KSB-1, the friend-foe identification device SRO-2, the stern warning device Sirena-2 and a system for monitoring the engines. For the armament, a 12 m long weapon bay was built into the fuselage with a diameter of 2.95 m, which was later to be supplemented by a remotely controllable NR-23 cannon in the rear. In addition to the usual bombs and missiles, the weapon bay should also accommodate the M-45B stand-off weapons from the OKB-23 with a range of 2500 km and M-59 and M-61 with a range of 1000 km.
Technical data M-50A
| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| crew | 2 |
| length | 57.58 m |
| span | 35.10 m |
| height | 8.25 m |
| Wing area | 290.6 m² |
| Wing extension | 4.2 |
| Empty mass | 85 t |
| Takeoff mass | 115 t (max. Planned 200 t for M-52) |
| payload | 30 t |
| Top speed | 1,050 km / h (planned 1,950 km / h) |
| Service ceiling | 11,000 m (planned 20,000 m) |
| Range | Max. 3,150 km (planned 6,000 km) |
See also
Web links
- Myasishchev M-50 on suchoj.com (English)
- Myasishchev M-50 on aviastar.org (English)
- Myasishchev M-50, M-52 on aerospaceweb.org (English)
- М-50 on testpilot.ru (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ William Pearce: Myasishchev M-50 / M-52 Bounder. oldmachinepress.com.
- ↑ Photo M-52 mockup
- ^ Karl-Heinz Eyermann , Wolfgang Sellenthin: The air parades of the USSR. Central Board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship, 1967. P. 39/40
- ↑ a b c FliegerRevue October 2011, pp. 52–53, The short dream of the superbomber
- ↑ Airwar.ru: М-50 (Russian)
- ^ Oleg Bukharin, Pavel L. Podvig, Frank von Hippel: Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces . 2004, ISBN 978-0-262-66181-2 ( page 357 in the Google book search).
- ↑ fas: Specs M-50
