Mordovian languages

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Mordovian (Mokschersjan, mokšèrzjan ')

Spoken in

Russia
speaker approx. 750,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in Flag of Mordovia.svg Mordovia (in Russia )
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2
  • myv (Ersjan language)
  • mdf (Mochan language)
ISO 639-3
  • myv
  • mdf

The Mordovian languages (Mordovian мокшэрзянь, mokschersjan, mokšèrzjan ) belong to the Volga- Finnish group of Finno-Ugric languages . They are spoken of in the eastern part of European Russia by the Mordvins , but less than a third of them live as titular nation in the Republic of Mordovia . In the last census of the Soviet Union in 1989, 67% of the approximately 1.2 million Mordvins said they used Mordovian as their mother tongue. The closest related language is the Mari .

Within the framework of the joint program “Minorities in Russia: Developing Culture, Language, Media and Civil Society” of the Council of Europe , the European Commission and Russia, 4 project applications were submitted in Mordovia with the aim of promoting the Serbian and Mochan languages.

Mordovian

From the 8th century onwards, Mordovian developed very differently in various main dialects . Still matter today

  • the Ersjanische (Ersänisch, Erzya, эрзянь, ersjan, èrzjan ' ) and
  • the Mokschanische (Moksha, мокшень, mokschen 'mokšen ).

Both have established themselves as written languages . The Schokscha dialect is only spoken by a few speakers; Teryuchi and Karatai have become extinct with the complete assimilation of the speakers with Russians and Tatars .

The vocabulary of Mordovian is rich in Russian borrowings, at the same time numerous loanwords from Turkic and Iranian languages ​​can be found.

Mordovian typically has no grammatical gender and no articles and is an agglutinating language , in which suffixes are used almost exclusively (in contrast to other Finno-Ugric languages, in which prefixes are also used).

Mordovian has eleven cases in Ersyan and twelve in Mokshan :

Nominative Genitive dative ablative Translative Illative Inessive Elative Prolative Lative Abessive Causative
Ersja мастор масторонь масторонен мастордо масторкс масторс масторсо масторсто масторга мастору масторвтомо -
Mocha мастор масторонь масторти масторда масторкс масторс масторса масторста масторга масторс масторфтома масторонкса

There are no possessive pronouns , instead possession is indicated by adding possessive suffixes :

1st person Sg. 2nd person Sg. 3rd person Sg. 1st person Pl. 2nd person Pl. 3rd person Pl.
Ersja мастором масторт масторзо масторнок масторнк масторст
Mocha масторозе масторце мастороц мастороньке масторонте масторсна

Like other Finno-Ugric languages, Mordovian has no verb for to have . The possession of a thing is instead expressed through the use of the verb sein ( which is usually completely dispensed with in the present tense ), the addition of the possessive suffix, and the use of the genitive for the owner: Haus - кудо; I have a house - монь кудом (lit .: with me is a house)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joint Program “National minorities in Russia: Developing Languages, Culture, Media and Civil Society” - List of selected projects

Web links