Moritz Rülf

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Moritz Rülf, 1921

Moritz Rülf (born November 16, 1888 in Kirchhain ; murdered on July 24, 1942 near Maly Trostinez ) was a German teacher and Jewish preacher .

Life

Moritz Rülf came on November 16, 1888 as the son of the cattle dealer Jehuda Rülf and his wife Karoline Rülf, nee. Cobbler to the world. His father died at the age of six. His mother, who from now on had to look after five children, placed Moritz in the care of the Israelite orphanage in Kassel . From 1895 to 1903, like many other orphans, he attended the Jewish seminary school there , and then the preparatory institute in Burgpreppach until 1906 . From 1906, Rülf completed his education as a teacher at the Israelite Teachers' Seminar in Kassel, which he completed in February 1909 with the first teacher examination.

Moritz Rülf was employed at the Israelite Horticultural School in Ahlem until 1913 , interrupted by his second teacher examination at the end of 1911, which he took in Kassel. In Ahlem he met his future wife Erika Lyon (born December 14, 1890 in Hamburg). Subsequently, Rülf applied to the Detmold synagogue community for a position as a preacher and teacher after the previous teacher Karl Rosenthal had been recalled to Hörde . Rülf was accepted from various applicants and took up his new post in January 1914. His work was not limited to the city of Detmold, but included tasks in other parts of Lippe.

In 1915 Rülf became the successor of his friend Max Heilbrunn and took over the revision of the Jewish religious schools in Lippe.

On January 6, 1919, Rülf received citizenship from Lippe . This was the prerequisite for employment in the civil service. He applied for an apprenticeship at the Detmold Boys 'Citizens' School, which he was assigned at the beginning of May of the same year. This drew violent reactions: First there was a collection of signatures against the attitude of an Israelite teacher, which was signed by 629 citizens, mostly from the better social classes. The Lippe teachers' association joined the protest and the Lippe regional church demanded that the (state) elementary schools should remain Christian. Rülf's employment and the accompanying circumstances were finally in the years 1919 and 1920 several topics in the Lippe state parliament , where Max Staercke appeared as one of his advocates.

On November 17, 1922, Rülf switched to the state advanced training school in Detmold, a vocational school. Meanwhile, he completed a five-semester course of study at the Detmold University of State and Economics , which he completed on November 12, 1924 with a degree in economics . Other activities during this time included the management of the Jewish Youth Association and from 1932 the role of secretary of the Israelite Community Day for the Free State of Lippe.

After the victory of the NSDAP in the Reichstag elections in 1933 , Moritz Rülf was retired on April 1, 1933 after previous disputes about salaries, teaching distribution and secondary employment.

On the evening of May 4, 1933, Rülf was arrested and placed under protective custody in Detmold prison . Six days later he received a visit from Adolf Wedderwille and Josef Stroop , who had him sign a document in exchange for his release declaring his resignation from civil service and waiving all claims against the Land of Lippe. Despite this experience, Rülf remained a preacher and religion teacher in Lippe for many more years. However, the climate became increasingly hostile to Jews and the Rülf family had problems remaining undetected in the small town of Detmold. Moritz Rülf therefore resigned from his position as preacher in the Lippe synagogue community on December 31, 1937, and on January 1, 1938, he became director of the Israelite Children's Home in Lützowstrasse in Cologne.

Moritz Rülf stayed in Frankfurt during the November pogroms in 1938 . He was arrested again and deported, presumably to the Dachau concentration camp . Although he refused to sign a statement to leave the country, he was released after several weeks. In 1942 the traces of Rülf and his wife are lost. While their three children Herbert, Karoline Hanna and Erich emigrated to Palestine in the 1930s, Moritz and Erika Rülf stayed in Germany until the end. Moritz Rülf and the children of the children's home he ran were deported to Minsk on July 20, 1942 and shot on July 24, 1942 immediately after arriving in a forest near Maly Trostinez .

Moritz Rülf's daughter Karla Timna, née Karoline Rülf, survived the Holocaust just like his son Herbert Rülf.

Others

In addition to his work, Moritz Rülf conducted genealogical studies and wrote various writings. The following are handed down:

  • The history of the Jews in Lippe . Original in: Lippischer Kalender 1933 . Publishing house of the Meyerschen Hofbuchhandlung. Reprinted in Jews in Lemgo and Lippe. Small town life between emancipation and deportation . Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 1988, ISBN 3-927085-08-1
  • Family tree of the Eichmann family 1660–1931 (on behalf of the Detmold factory owner Albert Eichmann, chairman of the Israelite Community Day )
  • Family tree of the Lenzberg family from 1695 to 1934
  • Memorandum about the synagogues and cemeteries of the municipalities of the regional association in Lippe that I visited

Moritz-Rülf-Strasse on the site of the former air base in the north of Detmold is named after Rülf .

literature

  • Jürgen Hartmann: The memorandum of the Detmold teacher and preacher Moritz Rülf on the synagogues and cemeteries in Lippe 1936/37 . In: Rosenland - magazine for Lippe history . Issue 9, September 2009 ( online; PDF, 1.0 MB [accessed April 6, 2013]).
  • Gudrun Mitschke-Buchholz: Memorial book for the victims of the National Socialist tyranny in Detmold (=  Panu Derech - Prepare the way . Volume 19 ). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2001, ISBN 3-89534-399-4 , p. 145-146 .
  • Wolfgang Müller: Moritz Rülf - a Jewish teacher in difficult times . In: Juden in Detmold (=  Panu Derech - Prepare the way . Volume 26 ). Lippe-Verlag, location 2008, ISBN 978-3-89918-012-1 , p. 115-182 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ bundesarchiv.de: entry in the Rülf, Moritz memorial book , accessed on July 3, 2017
  2. ↑ bundesarchiv.de: entry in the Rülf, Erika memorial book , accessed on July 3, 2017
  3. ↑ Jürgen Hartmann: The memorandum of the Detmold teacher and preacher Moritz Rülf on the synagogues and cemeteries in Lippe 1936/37 in 'Rosenland - Zeitschrift für Lippische Geschichte', No. 9, September 2009, page 21
  4. ↑ statistik-des-holocaust.de: Deportation from Cologne to Minsk on July 20, 1942 , accessed on July 3, 2017
  5. ↑ Exhibition: "Survival Paths" Detmold Jewish women after 1933 by the women's history shop Lippe eV ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / Frauengeschichtsladen.de
  6. ↑ see documentation by Wolfgang Müller available at alte-pauline.org (PDF; 74 kB) from: Stadt Detmold (ed.) Detmold in the post-war period. Documentation of an urban history project edit. by Wolfgang Müller, Hermann Niebuhr and Erhard Wiersing, Aisthesis Verlag , Bielefeld 1994, ISBN 3-925670-94-7
personal data
SURNAME Rülf, Moritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German teacher and Jewish preacher
DATE OF BIRTH November 16, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Kirchhain
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1942
Place of death at Maly Trostinez