Mount Berlin
| Mount Berlin | ||
|---|---|---|
 Aerial view of the US Navy from the northwest |
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| height | 3478 m | |
| location | Marie Byrd Land , West Antarctica | |
| Mountains | Flood range | |
| Dominance | 276.2 km → Mount Sidley | |
| Coordinates | 76 ° 3 ′ 0 ″ S , 135 ° 52 ′ 0 ″ W | |
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| Type | active shield volcano | |
The Mount Berlin is a double volcano in the region Marie Byrd Land in Antarctica . With a height of 3478 m at Berlin Crater , it is the sixth highest in the entire Antarctic.
Mount Berlin is the westernmost and, at around 2.5 million years old, the youngest of the three large shield volcanoes in the Flood Range . It consists of a broad shield from which the Berlin Crater and Merrem Peak with their calderas , about two kilometers wide, rise at a distance of about 3.5 kilometers . The base is completely covered by the ice from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet . Based on the fumaroles that were observed along the western and northern crater rim at Berlin Crater, it is assumed that Mount Berlin is still active today. Ice towers that are characteristic of Antarctic volcanoes form at these points.
The lava flows at both craters and the deposits of volcanic ejecta in the ice indicate several eruptions of the volcanoes within the last 100,000 years; according to an investigation using the 40 Ar / 39 argon method , the last 10,000 years have passed. Due to the grain size of the volcanic ash of 17 to 18 mm and the wide spread of the grains over 30 kilometers, it is concluded that the eruptions were highly explosive.
To the west is the Berlin crevasse field .
Discovery and name
The volcano was discovered during Byrd's second expedition from November to December 1934. He originally named the mountain Mount Hal Flood . The name "Flood" is now used for the entire mountain range. The mountain was named "Berlin" after Leonard M. Berlin (1908-2004), who undertook the first toboggan expedition there.
literature
- WE LeMasurier, JW Thomson (Ed.): Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC 1990.
- L. Siebert, T. Simkin: Volcanoes of the World: an Illustrated Catalog of Holocene Volcanoes and their Eruptions. Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series, GVP-3, from 2002.
- TI Wilch, WC McIntosh, NW Dunbar: Late Quaternary volcanic activity in Marie Byrd Land: Potential 40 Ar / 39 -dated time horizons in West Antarctic ice and marine cores. In: Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111, No. 10, 1999, pp. 1563-1580, doi : 10.1130 / 0016-7606 (1999) 111 <1563: LQVAIM> 2.3.CO; 2 (English).
Web links
- Berlin in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English).
- Mount Berlin, Antarctica on Peakbagger.com (English).
- Skiing the Pacific Ring of Fire and Beyond: Mount Berlin. In: skimountaineer.com. Amar Andalkar (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fabio Florindo, Martin Siegert (Ed.): Antarctic Climate Evolution (= Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences . Volume 8 ). Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 2008, ISBN 978-0-444-52847-6 , Chapter 10: Alan M. Haywood et al .: Middle Miocene to Pliocene History of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean , p. 401–463 , doi : 10.1016 / S1571-9197 (08) 00010-4 (English, freely available online through researchgate.net [PDF; 5.6 MB ]).
- ^ Matthew R. Patrick, John L. Smellie, Synthesis A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10 . In: Antarctic Science . tape 25 , no. 4 , August 2013, ISSN 0954-1020 , Antarctica and adjacent islands: Mount Berlin, Mount Kauffman, Mount Siple, p. 481 , doi : 10.1017 / S0954102013000436 (English).
- ^ Nelia W. Dunbar et al .: Physical setting and tephrochronology of the summit caldera ice record at Mount Moulton, West Antarctica . In: Geological Society of America Bulletin . tape 120 , no. 7–8 , July 2008, ISSN 0016-7606 , p. 796-812 , doi : 10.1130 / B26140.1 (English).