leisure

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As leisure is defined as the time that can take advantage of a person for customization. Not all leisure time is leisure at the same time, as many leisure activities are indirectly determined by external interests. The original meaning of the word (Old High German "muoza", Middle High German "muoze") was opportunity, possibility .

Antiquity

Within the meaning of creative leisure she steps already - in contrast to the painstaking work of ordinary people in ancient times to - ( ancient Greek σχολή - cf. School - opposite άσχολΐα or πόνος , lat . Otium against negotium ). The spectrum of meanings of σχολή ranges from leisure , rest , study and school to delay and slowness , the deprivation of which is expressed in the ά-σχολΐα (cf. Alpha privativum ) for example slave labor. Aristotle writes: "ἀσχολούμεθα γὰρ ἵνα σχολάζωμεν ..." (We work to have leisure ...). For example, Cicero coined the term otium cum dignitate ("dignified leisure" spent with scientific and philosophical activity in seclusion ( De Oratore I, 1f.)).

Middle Ages until today

While the thinkers of antiquity considered leisure with its character-forming and creative possibilities to be valuable - the life artist as the opposite of slaves - acedia (mostly translated as " indolence ") was one of the seven main vices in European monasticism . The Protestantism has held up work and work and against each idleness turned ( "Idleness is the root of all evil"). According to Max Weber, Protestant ethics has thus become an essential basis of early capitalism . Their influence changed with the commercialization of leisure.

Today the emphasis is mainly on indulging in leisure to promote health , for example in the sense of relaxation (new German " chilling "), through meditation , with additional quality time , as part of the wellness movement or by practicing a simpler lifestyle .

Leisure as an object of research

Leisure has been the subject of research for several decades. The literary scholar Gisela Dischner has been concerned with the “theory of idleness” (“free, conscious activity”) for more than 30 years; several books written by her (inter alia. "Dictionary des Müßigsteiger" (2009), "Liebe und Müßiggang" (2011)) have appeared. The journalist, initiator of the “Muße-Kunst” project, Gerlinde Knaus, examined “Leisure - a male privilege? The theory of idleness: The dream of the subversive in pedagogy ”(educational science at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz ) based on the“ theory of idleness ”by Gisela Dischner the“ female idleness ”. On this theoretical basis, Knaus developed a seminar entitled “Leisure Art”, which is aimed specifically at women and was practically and experimentally implemented several times in the St. Virgil Education Center in Salzburg (2005–2009).

In 2013 at the University of Freiburg i. Br. Established a DFG- funded special research area on the topic of leisure, which tries to deal with the phenomenon of leisure from different perspectives. One focus of the first four years of the SFB (2013–2016; funding phase 1) was to grasp leisure as a concept from a philological-philosophical point of view, e.g. based on the importance of leisure for autobiographical reflection and for literary storytelling. In the second four years (2017–2020; funding phase 2) the field of study was opened and now also includes research projects from forest science , geography or psychology .

literature

  • Thorstein Veblen : The Theory Of The Leisure Class. 1899.
  • Liselotte Welskopf : Problems of Leisure in Old Hellas , Berlin 1962.
  • Josef Pieper : Leisure and Cult: With an introduction by Cardinal Karl Lehmann . Kösel, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-466-36773-3 .
  • Peter Hersche: Leisure and waste. European society and culture in the baroque age . 2 volumes. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2006, ISBN 3-451-28908-3 .
  • Gisela Dischner : Dictionary of the idler. Edition Sirius. Bielefeld / Basel 2009, ISBN 978-3-89528-727-5 .
  • Ulrich Schnabel : Leisure. The happiness of doing nothing . Blessing, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-89667-434-0 .
  • Gisela Dischner: love and idleness . Edition Sirius. Bielefeld / Basel 2011, ISBN 978-3-89528-838-8 .
  • Nicole Stern: The leisure principle. How we really arrive in the now. Arkana 2016, ISBN 978-3-442-34205-1
  • Eckhard Leuschner : Otium and Virtus. Contemplation as an exercise of virtue in the Stanza della Solitudine of Caprarola. In: Thomas Weigel, Joachim Poeschke (Hrsg.): Leitbild Virtue. The Virtus representations in Italian municipal palaces and princely residences from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-86887-005-3 , pp. 229-253.
  • Economy of happiness. Leisure, idleness and laziness in literature , ed. by Mirko Gemmel u. Claudia Löschner. Ripperger & Kremers, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-943999-10-5 .
  • Martin W. Ramb, Holger Zaborowski (Ed.): Work 5.0 - Why everything is nothing without leisure. Wallstein, Göttingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-8353-3340-6 .
  • Jochen Gimmel, Tobias Keiling: Concepts of leisure. Tübingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-16-154648-8 .
  • Birger P. Priddat: work and leisure. On the European hope of transforming work into higher activity, Marburg: Metropolis 2019
  • Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness. Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-30851-6 .

Web links

Wikiquote: Leisure  - Quotes
Wiktionary: Leisure  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elmar Seebold, Friedrich Kluge [Greetings]: Kluge - etymological dictionary of the German language. 25th edition. De Gruyter, Berlin; Boston, Mass. 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022364-4 , limited preview in Google Book Search.
  2. ^ Aristotle, EN X, 7, 1177 b 5.
  3. ↑ Free spaces for leisure: New humanities SFB for Freiburg ( Memento from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ See Sennefelder, Anna Karina: Retreats of storytelling. Leisure as a mode of autobiographical self-reflection. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-16-155666-1 .
  5. ↑ Research profile of the SFB 1015 Leisure