Mustafa Resid Pasha
Mustafa Reşid Pascha (spelling also Mustafa Reshid Pasha or Ottoman مصطفی رشید پاشا Mustafa Reşid Paşa , born March 13, 1800 in Constantinople , today Istanbul ; † December 17, 1858 , other sources: January 7, 1858 ) was an Ottoman statesman and diplomat during the reform period.
Life
Reşid joined the public service early on, as he got a job as a reporter in the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1820. After taking part in the negotiations on the Treaty of Kütahya in 1833 , he became ambassador to Paris in 1834 , then to London in 1836 and finally foreign minister in November 1837. As a result of the counter-efforts of the Old Turkish Party, he was suddenly dismissed in the autumn of 1838 and went to London, Berlin and Paris as the Sultan's ambassador extraordinary , where he represented the interests of the Porte towards the Viceroy of Egypt.
Reşid was a member of a Masonic lodge in London and spoke French and English himself.
After Sultan Mahmud II's death on July 1, 1839, he was called back to Constantinople by the mother of the new Sultan Abdülmecid and again took over the Foreign Ministry on September 5. At his instigation, the hatt-ı şerif of Gülhane was issued on November 3, 1839. Serail intrigues caused his overthrow in March 1841, whereupon he returned to Paris as envoy in July. Dismissed from there in January 1843, he was suspected by the Sultan as a despiser of Turkishness, and exiled as governor to Adrianople , but did not accept the position and returned to Paris.
After the fall of Riza Pasha at the end of 1845, he was first again Minister of the Foreign Office and in 1846 finally Grand Vizier (meaning from 1922 and until today: Prime Minister), an office that he held six times under Abdülmecid until 1857.
As Grand Vizier, he carried out various reforms in the areas of the legal system, education and administration:
- Prohibition of torture and slavery
- Mixed commercial courts introduced in 1847
- Adoption of a commercial code from France in 1850
- the reform of administrative regulations
- Measures against nepotism
- Introduction of the Rüştiye Middle School /رشديه
- Founding of the learned society Encümen-i Daniş by decree in 1851
- Founding of "Hazine-i Evrak" /خزينه اوراق, today's Ottoman Archives by decree in 1846
In the meantime, Reşid Pasha served again as Foreign Minister from May 1853, and in this role he promoted the anti-Russian policy of the Ottoman Empire. Intrigues on the French side led to his being forced to resign on July 31, 1857. On October 22, 1957 he was again appointed Grand Vizier. Reşid Pascha was instrumental in initiating a fundamental reorganization of the administration of the state, which ended as a historical process between Tanzimat and the Ottoman Constitution 18 years after his death.
Mustafa Reşid Pascha died of a heart attack in 1858 at the age of 58 .
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Kornrumpf: Mustafa Reşid Pascha , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 3, Munich 1979, pp. 280-282
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Mustafa Reşid Paşa In: Enzyklopädie Britannica. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e Mustafa Reşid Pascha in the Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ↑ Orlando Figes: Crimean War , Berlin, 2014, p. 104
- ↑ a b c Reschid Pascha (Reschid Mustapha Pascha) ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at oesta.gv.at
- ↑ Erik-Jan Zürcher Reshid Pasha, Mustafa in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha |
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire July 31, 1846–28. April 1848 |
İbrahim Sarim Pasha |
| İbrahim Sarim Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire August 13, 1848-27. January 1852 |
Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha |
| Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire March 7, 1852–7. August 1852 |
Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha |
| Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire November 24, 1854–4. May 1855 |
Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha |
| Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire December 1, 1856–2. August 1857 |
Giritli Mustafa Naili Pascha |
| Giritli Mustafa Naili Pascha | Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire October 23, 1857–7. January 1858 |
Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Reşid Pasha, Mustafa |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Reşit Paşa, Mustafa |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ottoman statesman and diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 13, 1800 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Constantinople |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 17, 1858 |