Nuremberg units of measurement
The Nuremberg units of measurement were officially valid in Nuremberg until 1811 and played an important role in customs and the grain order.
Due to the important position of the imperial city of Nuremberg in trade, the Nuremberg units of measurement were also of great importance outside its city walls. The calibration system based on the Nuremberg standard was originally subordinate to a deputation of the inner council, from November 1, 1800 to the police department. Some Nuremberg units of measurement were based on so-called mother vessels, which were probably renewed around 1500. For the conversion to the Bavarian units, the Nuremberg mother vessels were officially re-measured by the police department on September 28, 1810.
As was common with many old weights and measures , numerous Nuremberg units of measurement also used the duodecimal system instead of the decimal system that is common today .
Length measurements
The generally used length measures in Nuremberg were based on the Nuremberg foot, which was also called the city foot or Nuremberg shoe . In the construction industry, however, the Nuremberg factory shoe was common. All of the conversions given in this and the following tables into metric dimensions that are customary today are not exact values, since, for example, the wear and tear of the mother vessels had an influence on the exact reference values.
| 16 feet = | 1 Nuremberg rod | = 4.86 m |
| 12 inches = | 1 Nuremberg foot = 1 Nuremberg shoe | = 30.397 cm |
| 12 lines = | 1 Nuremberg customs | = 2.53 cm |
| 1 Nuremberg line | = 2.11 mm. | |
| 2 feet 2 inches = | 1 Nuremberg cubit | = 65.65 cm |
| 12 work inches = | 1 Nuremberg factory shoe | = 27.85 cm |
| 1 Nuremberg works tariff | = 2.32 cm | |
| 13 feet = | 1 Nuremberg paving rod | = 3.95 m |
| 5 feet 7 inches 2 lines = | 1 Nuremberg fathom | = 1.70 m |
Area dimensions
The basis for area measurements were squares of the city foot, the so-called Nuremberg square shoe, and the square rods derived from them.
| 200 square rods = | 1 Nuremberg morning = 1 day's work | = 4,725 m² |
| 175 square rods = | 1 small Nuremberg morning | = 4,135 m² |
| 150 square rods = | 1 Nuremberg garden morning | = 3,544 m² |
| 256 square shoe = | 1 Nuremberg square rod | = 23.63 m² |
| 169 square shoe = | 1 square paving rod | = 15.6 m² |
| 30 ¼ square shoe = | 1 Nuremberg square fathoms | = 2.79 m² |
| 144 square inches = | 1 Nuremberg square foot = 1 Nuremberg square shoe | = 923 cm². |
Volume measurements
Different measuring systems were used in Nuremberg for volume measurements, depending on the application. The Nuremberg visor size formed the basis for liquid measurements. Heavy grain and salt measures were based on various Nuremberg meats. For lighter grains one measured with the summer . There were also specialized measures such as honey barrel, nut tub, hop measure, coal measure and lime measure.
| for liquids | ||
| 12 buckets = | 1 load | = 884 liters |
| 34 Schenkviertel = 32 quarters = | 1 bucket | = 73.7 liters |
| 2 visor dimension = | 1 quarter | = 2.3 liters |
| 81 visor size = | 1 beer bucket | = 93 liters |
| 2 Seidel = | 1 visor size | = 1.151 liters |
| 2 bottles = | 1 pintle | = 0.5755 |
| 2 donuts = | 1 hand measure | = 1.084 liters |
| 16 Seidel = | 17 pouring tumbler | |
| for grain | ||
| 16 Metzen = 8 eighths = 4 quarters = | 1 grain sum | = 328 liters (318.137 liters) |
| 8 diet heaps = 4 diet heaps = | 1 grain Metzen | = 20.5 liters (19.884) |
| 26 Korn-Metzen = | 1 millet summer | = 530 liters |
| 32 oat meats = | 1 oat sum | = 614 liters |
| 1 oat meatloaf | = 19.2 liters | |
| for salt | ||
| 1 salt miners | = 16.64 liters |
Weight measurements
The general weight determination is based on the Nuremberg pound .
Since the Nuremberg pharmacist pound was also common among pharmacists outside Nuremberg, it was also called the German pharmacist pound. The measure reform of 1811 survived the pharmacist pound in the Bavarian, slightly rounded form with 360 grams and was thus adapted to the gram.
| 100 pounds = | 1 Nuremberg Centner | = 50.95 kilograms |
| 32 Lot = | 1 Nuremberg pound | = 509.5 grams |
| 4 quents = | 1 lot from Nuremberg | = 15.92 grams |
| 4 pennies = | 1 ounce | = 3.98 grams |
| 1 pfennig | = 0.995 grams | |
| 12 ounces = | 1 Nuremberg pharmacist pound | = 357.6 grams |
| 2 pharmacist lot = | 1 Nuremberg pharmacist ounce | = 29.8 grams. |
| 240 grains = | 2 Nuremberg pharmacist lot | = 14.9 grams. |
| 2 mark = | 1 Nuremberg precious metal pound | = 477.6 grams |
| 16 precious metal solder = | 1 Nuremberg mark | = 238.8 grams |
| approx. 1 Nuremberg pharmacist lot = | 1 precious metal solder | = 14.92 grams. |
See also
literature
- Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Elle in Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 5. Leipzig 1906, p. 718
- ^ A b Eduard Döring: Handbook of coin, exchange, measure and weight ..., Verlag J. Hölscher, Koblenz 1862, p. 468
- ↑ Jürgen Elert Kruse : General and especially Hamburg Contorist, who of the currencies, coins, weights, measures, types of exchange and customs of the most distinguished cities and countries in and outside Europe ..., Verlag der Erben des Verfassers, Hamburg 1808 , P. 420