Nuremberg dialect

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Nurembergisch

Spoken in

Bavaria
Linguistic
classification

Nurembergisch is an East Franconian dialect that is spoken in the Nuremberg area. It is partly influenced by the North Bavarian dialect .

Distribution and characteristics

The East Franconian dialect area gradually changes into North Bavarian in the Nuremberg area. The border to the other East Franconian dialects is determined, for example, by the frequent use of fallen diphthongs , which are not used in other East Franconian dialects. For example, Schou is used instead of Schuu (High German: shoe) or Schdrou instead of Schdrua (High German: straw). The border with North Bavarian runs roughly between the area with the Franconian word braad and the North Bavarian word broad (High German: broad). The dialect of the neighboring city of Fürth is very similar except for differences in the plural formation and diminutive forms. With the other East Franconian dialects, Nuremberg shares numerous similarities, such as the generally soft pronunciation of the consonants p and t (colloquially differentiated as "hard and soft, B '' 'D'" ) and the rolling 'R' . A Nuremberg specialty is the pronunciation of the L, in which the tongue is pushed sideways between the teeth, the so-called waffle-L . Contrary to populärliteraturischen designation in which it - due to the sometimes hanging out of the mouth tongue - usually as prälabiales L is called ,, it corresponds phonetically an interdental L . Its place of articulation roughly corresponds to the English th sound .

Emergence

In the early Middle Ages, the Nuremberg area was initially only sparsely populated. Since the 7th to 9th centuries, mainly settlers from the Nordgau , i.e. today's Upper Palatinate , have lived here. These settlers lived in the east and west of today's city of Nuremberg. However, the population density on the unproductive sandy soils of the region was probably still quite low during this period. In the High Middle Ages, Nuremberg was developed into an important royal estate under the Staufer emperors and a large number of settlers from the Franconian dialect area settled here. Their language mingled with that of the local residents over time, after which the Frankish language slowly established itself in this area.

In today's research it is assumed that in the late Middle Ages the city dialect still tended strongly towards North Bavarian. In the last 200 years, however, a shift from Bavarian to East Franconian characteristics has been observed, although there was a high influx from the Upper Palatinate in the industrial age.

Several authors like Fitzgerald Kusz or Klaus Schamberger still maintain the city dialect today. Some are members of the Collegium of Nuremberg Dialect Poets . The town dialect is rarely used by the younger population. One often encounters Nuremberg Franconian in the media , which is based more on colloquial forms than on the threatening urban dialect. The Nuremberg dialect was documented through sound recordings as part of the compilation of the Bavarian Language Atlas and a grammar published in 1907. The Nuremberg dialect is not often found in the German media. Representatives are the cabaret artists and songwriters Matthias Egersdörfer , Günter Stössel and Bernd Regenauer . Also the popular piece Schweig, boy! von Fitzgerald Kusz has made it quite well known. The works of Klaus Schamberger are now also relatively popular.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger (eds.): History of language. A handbook on the history of the German language and its research. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Berlin / New York 2003, pp. 2341-2354.
  2. ^ A b Alfred Klepsch, Eberhard Wagner: Concise dictionary of Bavarian Franconia . Published by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Publisher: Mediengruppe Oberfranken , 2007, ISBN 978-3-936897-52-4 (online)
  3. ^ A b c Christoph Plass: Nuremberg Maadla, Fürther Maadli. on: sueddeutsche.de , September 19, 2006.
  4. ^ City of Nuremberg: Nuremberg from A to Z, section Allmächd .
  5. ^ Josef Pfanner: The German writing language in Nuremberg from its first appearance to the end of the 14th century. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Vol. 45 (1954). (on-line)
  6. ↑ The speaking language atlas of Bavaria. - Here you can listen to several audio documents from the Nuremberg area.
    August Heinrich Gebhardt, Otto Bremer: Grammar of the Nuremberg Dialect. (Collection of short grammars of German dialects; Volume 7). Leipzig 1907.