NSV kindergarten teachers and after-school care workers seminar Friedberg near Augsburg

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The NSV seminar in December 1939.
Back of brochure.

The NSV Kindergarten Teachers' Seminar in Friedberg near Augsburg was the first and only training facility of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) for kindergarten teachers, after-school care workers and nannies in Swabia. It became a model for other planned facilities, which were no longer realized after the beginning of the Second World War , with the exception of the NSV seminar in Steinenhausen Castle .

history

In History of Educator Training , Adalbert Metzinger writes about the instrumentalisation of pre-school education by the National Socialists :

"During the National Socialist rule between 1933 and 1945, a development began in the area of ​​pre-school education and the associated kindergarten teacher training in which both were degraded to instruments of the inhumane National Socialist worldview and all progressive and democratic approaches in education and training were eliminated."

At the end of the 1930s, the National Socialists began to build up and expand their own training facilities for kindergarten teachers. They first tried to impose their ideology on the existing, mostly denominational training centers. At the beginning of May 1938, the first NSV kindergarten teacher seminar for the Swabian region was officially opened in Friedberg in the manor house of the former Mezgergut . The institution was responsible for the NSV Gauamtsleitung Swabia in Augsburg, which was located in the immediate vicinity of the Augsburg synagogue . The seminar promoted the choice of a career as a kindergarten teacher with the ideology typical of the time:

“What would be more suitable for our fresh, lively girls than one of those jobs that suit their feminine and maternal feelings the most. One such genuinely feminine field of activity is the job of kindergarten teacher ... Smart parents will not oppose their daughter's wish to become a kindergarten teacher and say: 'The girl is going to get married after all. Why all this training? ' It is precisely this training and the practical work in the kindergarten that give the girl the best conditions for her most beautiful and noble job as a housewife and mother. The management of one's own household, the upbringing of one's own children will not be a problem for the kindergarten teacher, as they are for most girls who come from other professions "

The politically responsible stated about the necessity of an ideologically bound socio-educational training center. "A new person" should be raised in the preschool sector.

“Within the 'Mother and Child' aid organization, one of the most important areas is the work in the kindergartens and after-school care centers, which are intended to accept children whose family education is not guaranteed. These are children of working mothers, single children or children who are difficult to bring up and with whom the mothers cannot really cope. Since in many kindergartens, however, the focus is still more on 'keeping' the child than physical and mental training, the NSV wants. Create and maintain kindergartens in which a new person is raised. Of course, this also requires retraining of the kindergarten teachers or thorough training of those young girls who want to become kindergarten teachers or after-school care workers. In order to do new work in this sense, the 'NSV.-Gauamtleitung Schwaben' will open a seminar in Friedberg near Augsburg in May. "

The city of Friedberg made the land and buildings available to the NSV free of charge. The seminar was very popular and one year later it was possible to conduct it in two courses.

In 1942, all denominational kindergarten seminars were banned in the Schwaben district. This affected the training centers in Augsburg, today's specialist academy for social pedagogy Maria Stern Augsburg and the specialist academy for social pedagogy of the Evangelical Diakonissenanstalt Augsburg , in Dillingen , Nördlingen and Kaufbeuren. As a result, the demand for an apprenticeship at the Friedberger Seminar was extremely high. Special courses had to be introduced, which trained young girls and women in a few months, with the obligation to complete further training after the war.

In February 1945, after training that had been shortened by three months, the last 44 female seminarians were examined, the students dismissed immediately and refugees, mothers and children from East Prussia accepted.

Two months later, Americans occupied the house and closed the training facility. The former NSV kindergarten teacher and after-school care worker seminar was canceled in 1976/77 and a swimming pool with a triple gym was built at this point.

education

Overall, the training lasted two years, interrupted by a multi-week internship in the first and second year in a kindergarten, nursery, children's home , infant home, crib or crèche , in the kitchen, home and garden. Foreign seminarians could live in a camaraderie . In 1940 a child care school was added.

The prospective kindergarten teachers, after-school care workers and nannies were not grouped together in class groups, but in "tightly managed comradeships", which were deepened in eight-day camps in the first half of the year and at the end of the third half of the year, and for which the "educator and teacher comradeship" was a positive example faced.

Seminar brochure
Graduates born in 1939

In order to be admitted to the seminar, the applicant had to meet the following admission requirements according to the prospectus from 1938:

"1. Aryan descent - 2. Completed 17th year of life - 3. Hereditary health. 4. Completion of high school or secondary school. Elementary school students have to prove their general knowledge in a school science examination - 5. Previous home economics education in women's school, housekeeping school or family. In the latter case, a housekeeping examination must be taken upon admission - 6. Belonging to BDM or women's work - 7. Aptitude and inclination for socio-educational work. "

All teachers working at the seminar had to belong to the NSDAP or one of its branches, since they had to convey the Nazi ideology purely . You can read about this in the existing documents:

“National social policy education permeates all subject areas of training. In the narrower sense, she serves the subjects Reich Studies, Local Studies, Folk Stump Care and German. The lessons are based on hereditary and racial theory, lead from German history to questions of contemporary folklore and civics, and combine these with local history and folk stump care… ”.

The future kindergarten teachers and nannies had to acquire a certain repertoire of children's poems, verses, songs, rhymes, etc. For example, a seminarist from the Friedberg training center wrote in her book for young people:

“As early as the age of two, children should be enthusiastic about the National Socialist ideals. Short and succinct sayings, verses, rhymes, etc. are particularly suitable for this. For children around the age of three, the following is applicable:
'I am a German child!
German is my father's house!
The swastika is blowing fresh
of our house '[...]
For five-year-old boys the following maschier game comes into question:
'Now watch out, you dear boys,
it is now marching hard,
lined up in rows,
the Führer commands.
Hands on pants
the back candlestick,
the tummy drawn in,
so does the soldier.
Juhei, juhei, juheirassa,
so does the soldier! '

Mission statement

You can read about the mission statement in the school brochure:

“The educational task that the NSV kindergarten teacher has to fulfill requires people who combine educational skills with loving understanding and a happy affirmation of life. Our kindergarten teachers must have the willingness and the obligation to do service to the national community in the National Socialist sense, to be loyal guardians of the most precious good of a people - their children. "

principal

The trained kindergarten teacher, youth leader and handicraft teacher Maria Krawinkel led the seminar from 1938 to 1945. Born in 1903 in Neckendorf near Gelsenkirchen, the educator was previously deputy director of the Friedrich-Froebel-Haus Berlin-Niederschönhausen (housekeeping and nanny school). After the collapse of the Nazi dictatorship, she took over the management of a youth hostel for SBZ refugees of the Caritas Association in Hanover. In May 1955, she was appointed head of the FRG's first Catholic mothers' school in Cologne. In addition, she was chairwoman of the umbrella organization for the Federal Association of Catholic Mothers' Schools for a number of years .

literature

  • Manfred Berger : A short chronicle of the former and current training facilities for toddler teachers, kindergarten teachers, after-school care workers ... and educators in Bavaria - a contribution to the past and present of professional educator training (2001), in: Martin Textor (ed.): Das Kita-Handbuch ; On-line
  • Manfred Berger: Pre-school education under National Socialism. Research on the situation of the kindergarten system 1933-1945 , Weinheim 1986 (pp. 109–113 refer specifically to the Friedberger Seminar)
  • Manfred Berger: Research on the training situation of kindergarten teachers in the Third Reich. In: Our Youth , 1985 / H. 11, pp. 433-442
  • Manfred Berger : Everything that makes you hard should be praised! The kindergarten system in National Socialist Germany using the example of the specialist magazine "Kindergarten", Saarbrücken 2015, pp. 124–127
  • Manfred Berger: From the child detention center candidate to the educator. A contribution to the history of educator training in Bavaria - shown using the example of selected training centers in the past and present, Göttingen 2017, pp. 74–78
  • Adalbert Metzinger : On the history of educator training , Frankfurt / Main / Berlin / Bern / New York / Paris / Vienna 1993
  • Marie-Luise Müller: On the history of kindergarten teacher training in the then (partly royal) administrative district of Swabia and Neuburg, shown using the example of the corresponding training centers in Augsburg, Dillingen an der Donau, Friedberg near Augsburg, Kaufbeuren and Nördlingen, Augsburg 2000

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i archived in the Ida-Seele archive
  2. ↑ a b c d e Berger, 2001, 2. (25); Online ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kindergartenpaedagogik.de
  3. ^ Reichsleiter Fiehler on NSV and municipalities, April 19, 1942 , in: Herwart Vorländer: The NSV: Representation and documentation of a National Socialist organization , writings of the Federal Archives Koblenz, vol. 35, Oldenbourg Verlag, 1988, p. 489 ff .; Google Books preview
  4. ↑ Metzinger 1993, p. 15
  5. ↑ Sabine Hering , Richard Münchmeier: History of Social Work: An Introduction , Beltz Juventa, Weinheim and Munich 2007, p. 166 ff.
  6. ↑ cf. Berger 1986, p. 157 ff.
  7. ↑ a b Chronicle , Specialized Academy for Social Pedagogy Maria Stern Nördlingen
  8. ^ Manfred Berger: Kindergarten teacher training in the Nazi dictatorship. Using the example of the NSV seminars Friedberg , Lower Saxony Institute for Early Childhood Education and Development
  9. ↑ https://cuvillier.de/de/shop/people/54268-manfred-berger