Pine brown porling

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Pine brown porling
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Pine Brown Porling ( Phaeolus spadiceus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family : Tree spongy relatives (Fomitopsidaceae)
Genre : Brown spores ( Phaeolus )
Type : Pine brown porling
Scientific name
Phaeolus spadiceus
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Rauschert

The inedible pine brown porling ( Phaeolus spadiceus , syn. Phaeolus schweinitzii ) is a type of fungus from the tree sponge relatives . The fungus is also called Spruce Brown Porling , Yellow Brown Porling or Coniferous Brown Porling . It is a brownish-yellow porling that grows as a root parasite at the foot of conifers and has olive-yellow to brownish and often labyrinthine tubes. Young, yellowish fruiting bodies have brownish spots. The fruiting bodies appear from June to October.

features

Young specimens of the pine brown porling

Macroscopic features

The flat, irregularly round to plate-shaped fruit bodies are 10–30 cm wide and up to 10 cm high. They can also grow together in groups or cover each other like roof tiles, foreign bodies such as twigs, stems or stalks will grow around them. The surface is wavy, bumpy, tomentose to shaggy and matt. When young, the fruiting body can be zoned more or less concentrically. The edge zone is beautifully sulfur-yellow, orange-yellow to green-yellow in the growth phase, the middle is dark brown and completely red-brown to black-brown with age.

The tubes are 3–10 cm long. The mouths of the pores are rounded to elongated and somewhat labyrinthine. The pores are relatively fine (approx. 1–2 per mm) and freshly yellowish to dirty olive yellowish and later rusty brown in color. When touched, they immediately stain dark brown. The spore powder is creamy yellow.

The short, stocky, usually thicker stem is dark brown. However, it can sometimes be almost completely absent. The initially rusty-yellow flesh is 1–3 cm thick and soft and juicy when young. Later it becomes dry, corky and tough and is then rusty brown in color. Old fruit bodies are remarkably light. The meat has an inconspicuous smell and tastes slightly sour.

Microscopic features

The smooth, elliptical and inamyloid spores are 5–8 µm long and 3.5–4.5 µm wide. The cystids are thin-walled.

Species delimitation

Actually, only very young, soft-fleshed, tubeless specimens are more difficult to determine. It is typical that the more or less yellow fruit bodies stain dark brown spots on pressure points. The triangular Filzporling ( Onnia triqueter ) can be quite similar . It has smaller fruiting bodies and has sets in the hymenium . The Filzporling likes to grow on the face of pine stumps.

ecology

European countries with evidence of the pine-brown porling.
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • In and outside of forests, the brown pine is neither bound to certain types of soil nor to certain forest communities. But he prefers pine forests, which are more or less polluted with nitrogen. The fungus can be found on forest paths, forest edges, in clearings and in parks. The pine brown porling is a dangerous tree root parasite and wood saprobiont . It penetrates the roots of older or ailing trees and from there gets into the heartwood of the lower trunk area. In doing so, it creates a brown rot in the cube, in which the attacked wood disintegrates like a cube. The affected wood has a characteristic, turpentine odor. The fruiting bodies sit above ground on flat roots, on root necks or on the base of the trunk of still living or dead trees and stumps. The brown pork remains there until the final phase of the decomposition.

    Even if the fungus attacks pine trees, it can also be found on other conifers, especially spruce, larch and Douglas fir. In rare cases it has also been observed on deciduous trees. The fruiting bodies can be found all year round. Young specimens usually appear from May to autumn. The development from the ripe fruit body to spore maturity takes a little longer than two weeks. The fungus only begins to sporulate when the summer temperature maximum is exceeded and the average temperatures drop below 15 ° C. The sporulation period lasts 3–4 months, the mycelium can produce new fruiting bodies for up to 6–8 years.

    distribution

    In Europe, the pine brown sprout is very common, especially in the northwest. But it occurs all over Europe and is probably nowhere rare. In the north it is found in Norway up to the 69th, in Sweden up to the 68th and in Finland up to the 63rd parallel, to the east it is spread over all of Russia. In the tropics it usually grows on various deciduous tree species, in the Holarctic (North America, Canary Islands, North Africa, Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus) it is mainly found on conifers.

    meaning

    Hispidine is a yellow-brown dye that has been found on various tree fungi.

    The pine brown porling is an important and widespread wood destroyer. The fungus causes great economic damage, particularly in the oceanic north-west of Europe. Natural fibers containing protein such as silk and wool can be dyed with the brown porling . Depending on the dyeing process, yellow to brown colorations can be achieved with it. The main dye that the fungus produces is yellow-brown hispidine , which the fungus produces in large quantities. Numerous other dyes have also been isolated, all of which are derived from hispidine. Hispidine takes its name from the shaggy Schillerporling ( Inonotus hispidus ), from which the dye was first isolated.

    The mushroom is inedible in all stages of development and not suitable for the kitchen.

    Web links

    Commons : Phaeolus schweinitzii  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, Bauchpilze, hose mushrooms and others . In: mushrooms. Spectrum of nature, BLV intensive guide . tape 2 . BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-405-12965-6 , p. 149 .
    2. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 242 .
    3. ↑ Karin Montag: Pine- Brown Porling Phaeolus schweinitzii In the virtual mushroom book. In: Online . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
    4. ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 316 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
    5. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
    6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Phaeolus schweinitzii. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
    7. ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Phaeolus schweinitzii. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved December 9, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    8. ^ Georgios I. Zervakis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol 83. 2002, pp. 97-126 ( online ).
    9. ^ A b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 567.
    10. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
    11. ↑ Grid map of Phaeolus schweinitzii. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
    12. ^ Phaeolus schweinitzii. Pilzoek database, accessed December 9, 2013 .
    13. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Phaeolus schweinitzii. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
    14. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Phaeolus schweinitzii. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
    15. ↑ Peter Schütt, Hans J. Schuck, Bernd Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species. Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86820-123-9 .
    16. ↑ Jan-Markus Teuscher: New experimental designs on the subject of natural substances in chemistry classes: Chemistry with mushrooms . Material tape. ( online [PDF]).