Nasreddin

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Statue of Nasreddin on the donkey in an amusement park in Ankara .

Hodscha Nasreddin ( Ottoman نصر الدين خواجه Nasreddîn Hoca , İA Nasreddīn Ḫoca ) is the name of the most prominent protagonist of humorous prosaic stories in the entire Turkish-Islamic-influenced area from the Balkans to the Turkic peoples of Central Asia. Its historical existence is not certain; it is believed that he was in the 13th / 14th Lived in Akşehir in southwestern Anatolia in the 16th century .

Names

Nasreddin bears different names in the entire area in which the anecdotes were created and distributed - for linguistic and cultural reasons. The same figure in Turkish Nasreddin Hoca is called, is on Azeri Molla Nəsrəddin , in Kazakh as Қожанасыр Ķožanasyr as well as in China Uighurنەسىرىدىن ئەپەندى Əpəndi Nəsiridin and known in Chinese as阿凡提 Āfántí (derived from Efendi). In addition, the figure is in large parts of the Persian-speaking area as Mollah Nasreddin ( Persian ملا نصر الدين, DMG Molā Naṣro'd-Dīn ).

history

Nasreddin Hoca Mausoleum ( Türbe ) in Akşehir

A mausoleum with his name, which is located there, speaks for the southwestern Anatolian Akşehir as the place of his work .

The first anecdotes about Nasreddin Hoca in Turkish-language sources can be found in theسالتوق نامه Saltuḳ-nāme by Ebülhayri Rumi (d. 1480) and inلطائف Letāʾif of Lamiî Çelebi (d. 1531). Lamiî Çelebi gives Nasreddin Hoca as a contemporary of Şeyyad Hamza (14th century). In the popular tradition, however, the view that goes back to the Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi has established itself . Evliya Çelebi writes in the 17th century about his journey to the presumed tomb Nasreddin Hocas in Akşehir and gives an anecdote in which Nasreddin Hoca appears with Timur (died 1405). Attempts to historicize the person Nasreddin, however, are considered speculative. There is a reference to a person named on historical foundation deeds ( Vakfiye ) from 1257 and 1266نصر الدين خواجه Nasreddīn Ḫoca , who had to appear before the Qādī . It remains unclear whether they are the same person.

Before the widespread use of printed books, transmission was mainly oral, a tradition that has survived to this day in Turkey , among others . Hoca Nasreddin festivals take place here regularly, in which his jokes are staged. Most of the books of Hoca Nasreddin's jokes were published in Turkey, but there are only a few large collections there.

Sometimes Nasreddin in his jokes plays the role of a clever, sometimes that of a stupid person. Due to the wide geographical distribution and the long time tradition, Nasreddin were repeatedly ascribed new stories. So it was inevitable that the jokes ascribed to him were a colorful mixture of folk wisdom, cunning, but also crude or suggestive content. Some of his jokes were interpreted allegorically in dervish circles, as an early manuscript shows.

All sorts of witty, humorous or fluctuating stories were subsequently ascribed to him (such as that of Juha ). In many stories he simply plays a joke like Klein Fritzchen , in others a kind of Till Eulenspiegel , although there are certainly similarities in the stories about Eulenspiegel (see, for example, The Sound of Money , which is comparable in Till Eulenspiegel or in Grimm's fairy tales ). From Italy to India he is known in all Islamic and Christian regions, and local events are ascribed to him in many places. Nasraddin or Nostradin is claimed by most of the peoples of the above mentioned regions, but his ethnicity remains unknown.

literature

  • Albert Wesselski: fools, jugglers and popular favorites . Third volume: Der Hodscha Nasreddin I (Turkish lore), scan from and at archive.org ; Fourth volume: Der Hodscha Nasreddin II (traditions from Arabia, the Balkan countries and the Mediterranean region), scan by and at archive.org , Alexander Duncker Verlag, Weimar 1911.
  • Gerd Frank (Ed.): The rogue from the Bosporus. Anecdotes about Nasreddin Hodscha. Edition Orient , 1994, ISBN 3-922825-55-9 .
  • Idries Shah : The fabulous exploits of the accomplished fool and master Mulla Nasruddin .
  • Idries Shah: The Sufis. Message of the dervishes, wisdom of the magicians. (Chapter 4: The cunning pranks of Mulla Nasrudin ), Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1976, ISBN 3-424-00627-0 .
  • Ines Balcik: Thirty and one days. With Nasreddin Hodscha through Ramadan.
  • Leonid Wassiljewitsch Solowjow : Chodscha Nasr ed-din . Aufbau-Verlag , Berlin 1948. Translated from the Russian by Ena von Baer , edited by Elisabeth Kessel
  • Ulrich Marzolph (Ed.): Nasreddin Hodscha. 666 true stories. 1996.
  • Celal Özcan (Ed.): The best stories of Nasreddin Hodscha. Nasreddin Hoca'dan En Iyi Fıkralar. Turkish and German. Narrated by Celal Özcan, translated by Rita Seuß, illustrated by Ina Seeberg, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-423-09521-1 .

Web links

Commons : Nasreddin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ulrich Marzolph: Naṣr al-Dīn Kh o dj a. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition .
  2. ↑ Photo of the tomb and the inscription ( memento of the original from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / files.myopera.com
  3. ↑ Exterior view of the mausoleum
  4. ↑ http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61113423 cf. Mustafa Duman's bibliography
  5. ↑ http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Exploits+Incomparable+Mulla+Nasrudin&=Search&qt=results_page see foreword
  6. ↑ http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Erotikle+kar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k+Nasrettin+Hoca+fikralari&=earch&qt=results_page cf. z. B. Erotikle karışık Nasrettin Hoca fikralari
  7. ↑ http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61113423 cf. Mustafa Duman's bibliography in the manuscripts section