Natalja Alexejewna Schelichowa

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Natalja Alexejewna Schelichowa

Natalja Alexejewna Schelichowa ( Russian: Наталья Алексеевна Шелихова ; * 1762 in Okhotsk ; † 1810 ) was a Russian entrepreneur .

Life

Shelichova's maiden name is unknown. At the age of 13 she married the fur trader Grigori Ivanovich Schelichow .

Shelichova lived with her husband in Russian America . 1783–1784 they traveled to the Aleutian Islands and the Commander Islands . Her daughter Avdotja was born there. They then lived on Kodiak Island for two years . In 1787 the family returned to Irkutsk .

In December 1787 the Shelichows drove to the capital St. Petersburg without their children . Soon they returned to Irkutsk and had a wooden house built for them. When Shelichov went to Okhotsk in 1789, Shelichova represented him in Irkutsk and took care of business problems. She was practically her husband's first assistant and negotiated with the merchants. She had relationships with the governor general's wife, so she was always well informed. She was universally recognized, and Nikolai Nikititsch Demidow called her Matuschka (little mother). When her eldest daughter Anna married the diplomat Nikolai Petrovich Resanov in January 1795 , Schelichowa was given the opportunity to represent her interests at court.

When her husband died in July 1795, Shelichova took over the management of the family business, which was tolerated by the Irkutsk magistrate. However, part of the merchants objected, so that Shelichova had to turn to Empress Catherine II with the help of Nikolai Nikititsch Demidows and Platon Alexandrovich Subows . After two years of difficult negotiations with Shelikhov relatives and associates Schelichowa was established in July 1797 with a share of 50% shareholder of the new Golikov-Schelichow- Mylnikov -Amerika's Company . In the same year, her daughter Avdotja married the entrepreneur Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov , which strengthened her position in the business world. In November 1797, the partner Golikow went to the capital, the Mylnikow family switched to Shelichova's side, and Shelichova was accepted into the nobility because of the merits of her husband . In August 1798 the United America Company was founded in Irkutsk , whose statutes were not favorable to Shelichova. With the help of her sons-in-law, she sent a petition to the trade college and Emperor Paul I. In July 1799, Paul I signed the ukase for the establishment of the Russian-American Company (RAK) , in which a representative of the Shelichov family had to belong to the company's board of directors. In December 1799, Shelichova's son-in-law Resanov took over the management of the RAK. Her son-in-law Buldakov was one of the main directors of the RAK for over 20 years.

Shelichova had 10 children, of whom five daughters and one son survived. She was buried in Moscow in the Donskoy monastery cemetery.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dawn Lea Black, Alexander Petrov (Ed.): Natalia Shelikhova: Russian Oligarch of Alaska Commerce . University of Alaska Press, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Энциклопедия Всемирная история: ШЕЛИХОВА НАТАЛЬЯ АЛЕКСЕЕВНА (accessed March 18, 2020).
  3. ^ A b Matthews, Owen: Glorious misadventures: Nikolai Rezanov and the Dream of a Russian America . Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-62040-239-9 .
  4. ↑ А. Ю. Петров: Образование Российско-Американской компании . Nauka , Moscow 2000, ISBN 5-02-010181-8 .
personal data
SURNAME Schelichowa, Natalja Alexejewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шелихова, Наталья Алексеевна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH 1762
PLACE OF BIRTH Okhotsk
DATE OF DEATH 1810