Neohaematopinus callosciuri

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neohaematopinus callosciuri
Neohaematopinus callosciuri, female, head and thorax, ventral, scale 0.50 mm.jpg

Neohaematopinus callosciuri

Systematics
Superordinate : New winged wing (Neoptera)
Order : Animal lice (Phthiraptera)
Subordination : Real animal lice (Anoplura)
Family : Polyplacidae
Genre : Neohaematopinus
Type : Neohaematopinus callosciuri
Scientific name
Neohaematopinus callosciuri
Johnson , 1959

Neohaematopinus callosciuri is a species of animal lice that is known as the ectoparasite of several species of the common fine squirrels ( Callosciurus ) and other squirrels that wereoriginally found in Southeast Asia. It is tied to these hosts and, as an invasive species, may have reached new habitatswith them; its occurrence has been proven in Japan.

description

First nymph stage

The males have a body length of 1.5 to 1.7 millimeters, the females are significantly larger with 2.1 to 2.2 millimeters in length. The head, thorax and abdomen are well sclerotized. The head is slightly longer than it is wide and clearly rounded at the front. The antennae are five-segmented with a basal segment that is significantly longer than the second segment and slightly wider than it is long. The basal phalanx is elongated at the front and has a sensillum there in both sexes . The third antenna segment is only elongated in front in males, with two short, strong sensillae.

The thorax is wider than it is long and about as long as the head. The front of the breastplate has a strongly rounded tip, at the back it ends in two appendages at the edges. The legs of the first pair of legs are small and have small, pointed claws. The legs of the middle and rear pair are larger and each has a pointed claw. The coxes are almost triangular. The abdomen is almost as wide as the thorax with a tergite on the second to seventh segment and two sternites on the second and one each on the third to sixth segments. Further species and gender-specific characteristics are the number, position and formation of different bristles of the head, the chest area and the abdomen, the design of the chitin platelets on the abdomen and the shape and occupation with setae of the genitals.

Neohaematopinus callosciuri is very similar in morphology to the species Neohaematopinus sciuri and Neohaematopinus sciurinus . In Neohaematopinus sciuri and Neohaematopinus sciurinus , however, the basal parts of the antennae are shaped differently and a thorn on their underside is more pronounced.

Nymph stages

The first nymph stage has a body length of 0.60 to 0.70 millimeters. The head is longer than it is wide and rounded at the front. The antennae are five-membered, with a pronounced spinous process on the basal segment and one sensillum each on the fourth and fifth segments. The thorax is wider than the head, there is no sternum. The legs of the front pair are smaller than the rest, with two-part claws. The two rear Beipaare are the same size, with enlarged Tibiotarsen and powerful claws.

The nymphs of the second stage are similar to those of the first, they are slightly larger at 0.75-0.90 millimeters. In addition, there is a sclerotized plate with a stigma and a pair of sensillae on each of the second to sixth body segments . The third nymph stage differs from the previous one by its size from 1.10 to 1.40 millimeters and further sensillae, which are partly differentiated in length and thickness.

distribution

Third stage of nymphs

The terra typica of Neohaematopinus callosciuri is the mountain Phu Lom Lo in the Phetchabun Mountains , in the district of Dan Sai in the Thai province of Loei ( 17 ° 1 ′  N , 101 ° 4 ′  E ). The natural range covers large parts of South Asia, from North India and Bangladesh to South China to the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia.

In Japan, the Pallas squirrel was introduced on the island of Honshu in the 1930s . It has spread there over large parts of the island. Between 2001 and 2003, the parasite fauna of the Japanese Pallas squirrel was examined, and an infestation with Neohaematopinus callosciuri was found in 22 of the 104 examined squirrels .

The hosts of Neohaematopinus calliosciuri have been introduced to numerous regions of the world, including Argentina, Japan, China, Singapore, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy. Neohaematopinus callosciuri is not actually represented in all populations of potential hosts . The animal louse could not be detected in a population of Pallas squirrels in the Italian province of Varese that was only known in 2007 . One possible reason suggested is that the hosts may have been treated against parasites during their previous husbandry. Such a liberation from an existing parasite load could give representatives of invasive species like the Pallas squirrel an advantage over native species when conquering new habitats. Investigations of the parasite fauna of invasive squirrels in France, Belgium and Argentina also did not reveal any findings of Neohaematopinus calliosciuri .

Way of life

Pallas squirrel , a host of Neohaematopinus callosciuri

Neohaematopinus callosciuri lives as a blood-sucking ectoparasite in the fur of several species of the common beautiful squirrel ( Callosciurus ). Shown is the type as a parasite of Finlayson croissant ( Callosciurus finlaysonii ), the gray abdominal croissant ( Callosciurus caniceps ), the Pallas croissant ( Callosciurus erythraeus ), of the banana croissant ( Callosciurus notatus ), the three strips croissant ( Lariscus insignis ) and the Sunda Slim croissant ( Sundasciurus tenuis ). Evidence of the Sunda slow lorikeet ( Nycticebus coucang ) is doubtful.

Male squirrels have a more frequent and stronger infestation with Neohaematopinus callosciuri than females . The reasons for this are unclear.

Systematics

Neohaematopinus callosciuri was assigned to the genus Neohaematopinus , of which more than thirty species have been described. The genus Neohaematopinus belongs with the closely related genera Johnsonpthirus and Linognathoides as well as numerous other genera to the family Polyplacidae within the real animal lice (Anoplura).

Initial description

It was first described in 1959 by the American parasitologist Phyllis T. Johnson . She had numerous specimens from different host species and localities. Animal lice of this species had previously been identified as Neohaematopinus sciurinus .

Type copies

The holotype is a male animal and was collected with the allotype and two male and four female paratypes in February 1955 at the type location of a Finlayson squirrel ( Callosciurus finlaysonii ). A series of 179 paratypes of both sexes was found between 1952 and 1955 in a number of Thai provinces on Finlayson squirrels, gray-bellied squirrels and Pallas squirrels . Three male and three female paratypes come from Pallas squirrels in Taiwan . The holotype is in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC

etymology

The naming is, as is not unusual with parasites, related to the host. The species name callosciuri is derived from the scientific name of the real beautiful squirrel , Callosciurus , which includes all known hosts of Neohaematopinus callosciuri .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Phyllis T. Johnson: The rodent-infesting Anoplura (Sucking lice) of Thailand , p. 582.
  2. ↑ a b Phyllis T. Johnson: The rodent-infesting Anoplura (Sucking lice) of Thailand , S. 583rd
  3. ↑ a b Ke Chung Kim: Notes on hoplopleurid lice from Taiwan (Anopleura, Insecta) . In: Journal of Medical Entomology 1971, Volume 8, No. 1, pp. 49-55, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 8.1.49 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Phyllis T. Johnson: The rodent-infesting Anoplura (Sucking lice) of Thailand , p. 581.
  5. ↑ a b Yasuo Shinozaki et al .: The first record of sucking louse, Neohaematopinus callosciuri, infesting Pallas squirrels in Japan . In: Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2004, Volume 66, No. 3, pp. 333-335, doi : 10.1292 / jvms.66.333 .
  6. ↑ a b c Yasuo Shinozaki et al .: Ectoparasites of the Pallas squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus, introduced to Japan . In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2004, Volume 18, No. 3, pp. 61-63, doi : 10.1292 / jvms.66.333 .
  7. ↑ Peter WW Lurz et al .: Callosciurus erythraeus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) . In: Mammalian Species 2013, Volume 45, No. 902, pp. 60-74, doi : 10.1644 / 902.1 .
  8. ↑ Sandro Bertolino and Peter WW Lurz: Callosciurus squirrels: worldwide introductions, ecological impacts and recommendations to prevent the establishment of new invasive populations . In: Mammal Review 2011, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2907.2011.00204.x .
  9. ↑ Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto et al .: Poor Parasite Community of an Invasive Alien Species: Macro Parasites of Pallas's Squirrel in Italy . In: Annales Zoologici Fennici 2016, Volume 53, No. 1–2, pp. 103–112, doi : 10.5735 / 086.053.0209 .
  10. ↑ Anne Dozières et al .: Macro Parasites of Pallas's squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) Introduced into Europe . In: Veterinary Parasitology 2010, Volume 172, No. 1–2, pp. 172–176, doi : 10.1016 / j.vetpar.2010.04.021 .
  11. ↑ Ana Cecilia Gozzi et al .: Arthropod parasites of the red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus introduced into Argentina . In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2013, Volume 27, No. 2, pp. 203-208, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2915.2012.01052.x .
  12. ^ Lance A. Durden : A New Species and an Annotated World List of the Sucking Louse Genus Neohaematopinus (Anoplura: Polyplacidae) . In: Journal of Medical Entomology 1991, Volume 28, No. 5, pp. 694-700, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 28.5.694 .