Nepenthes spathulata
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Nepenthes spathulata |
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| Danser |
Nepenthes spathulata is a species of pitcher plants ( Nepenthes ). This carnivorous plant isnative tosouthern Sumatra .
description
Nepenthes spathulata grows as a climbing plant or epiphyte and becomes one to two meters long. The stems of short shoots are round or slightly angular and 0.8 cm in diameter with 1 to 2 cm long internodes , the climbing stems are strongly square and 0.5 to 0.8 cm in diameter and their internodes 2.5 to 8 cm long.
Nepenthes spathulata exhibits one of the most extreme leaf dimorphisms in the genus. The leathery leaves are sessile or stalked. The leaves of the rosettes and short shoots are clearly stalked and noticeably broad. The blades are spatulate- inverted, 17 to 25 cm long and 5 to 7 cm wide, their tips rounded and slightly edged or blunt and hardly shield-shaped. At the base, a leaf sheath encompasses the stem with round petioles. The leaves of the longer climbing shoots, on the other hand, are seated, oblong or spatulate-oval to spatulate, 10.5 to 18 cm long and 3 to 4 cm wide with a pointed tip. The ear-shaped base includes the square stem.
The lower pitchers are oval-cylindrical, 16 to 19 long and 5 to 6 cm wide, tapering towards the opening to a width of 3.5 to 4.5 cm. The upper pitchers are either sub-cylindrical, slightly narrowed in the middle or broad to narrow ellipsoid in the lower half and cylindrical in the upper half. They are 16 to 23.5 cm high, 5 to 6 cm wide on the lower half and 3 to 4 cm wide on the upper half. The color of the pitchers is green or green and mottled light purple or red. The peristome is scarlet.
The 14 to 24 cm long and 2.5 to 3 cm diameter male inflorescence sits on a 6 to 6.5 cm long and at the base 2 to 3 cm diameter peduncle . The 40 to 60 individual flowers are stalked and have thread-like bracts . Their oblong-oval petals are 4 to 5.5 cm long and 2.5 to 3 mm wide. The fruit cluster grows horizontally, is 16 to 25 cm long and 3.5 to 7 cm wide, its stem is 11 to 15 cm long and has a diameter of 3.5 to 4.5 mm at the base. The 20 to 40 fruits stand upright. The capsule fruits are 20 to 24 mm long and 3 to 3.5 mm wide, the seeds 11 to 15 mm long and 0.5 to 0.75 mm wide.
Occurrence, habitat and endangerment
Nepenthes spathulata is native to the Jambi province in southern Sumatra , there are also stocks in the west of Java . The species has a very wide altitude range in Sumatra with 900 to 2850 m, but occurs predominantly between 1900 and 2400 m. It grows both epiphytically and terrestrially in upper mountain forests and bushland.
Nepenthes spathulata is endangered by overcrowding and possible volcanic eruptions, but it is widespread and common. The majority of the subpopulations grow in remote areas and the demand for plants of the species is not enough to cause significant declines. For subpopulations on Java, however, there is a high risk of extinction; Nepenthes spathulata was heavily exploited there by plant collectors. However, this has no influence on the overall assessment of the IUCN , so that the species is classified as Least Concern (LC). A small number of subpopulations are in protected areas, but there are currently no direct conservation measures. Nepenthes spathulata is listed in CITES Appendix II .
Systematics
Taxonomy
The first description of Nepenthes spathulata was in 1935 by Benedictus Hubertus Danser in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg , sér. 3, 13, p. 465. The specific epithet spathulata is derived from the Latin word spathula for spatula and means spatulate , this refers to the spatulate leaves.
Related species
Nepenthes spathulata is closely related to Nepenthes singalana . It differs from this by the more angular stems (this feature can, however, overlap with collections of Nepenthes singalana ), by a wider peristome , the egg-shaped lid and the smaller number of lid glands. In addition, the arrangement of the lid glands is different, more like in Nepenthes gymnamphora and Nepenthes pectinata , the two species that Danser considered to be most closely related to Nepenthes spathulata . Cheek and Jebb, however, see a closer relationship between Nepenthes spathulata and Nepenthes ovata .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Nepenthes spathulata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d e f Nepenthes spathulata at Caryophyllales.org according to MRA Cheek, MHP Jebb: Flora Malesiana - Nepenthaceae, Series I, Volume 15. 2001. ( Online )
- ↑ a b Nepenthes spathulata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: C. Clarke, R. Cantley, J. Mink H. Generic & A. Witsuba, 2000. Retrieved on February 22 2012th
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 599.
- ^ Matthew Jebb, Martin Cheek: A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) In: Blumea journal of plant taxonomy and plant geography , January 1997, p. 81. ( Online )
