Jambi (province)

Jambi
Basic data
Area :	50,085 km²
Residents :	3,493,357
Population density :	70 inhabitants / km²
Capital :	Jambi
governor	Fachrori Umar
Location in Indonesia
Website :	www.jambiprov.go.id

Jambi is an Indonesian province on the west Indian island of Sumatra .

geography

The province lies for the most part in the flat eastern part of the island, which is characterized by swampy terrain and large rivers, including the Batang Hari . The Jambi River also flows here and rises with two arms, flows through the eastern alluvial plain and flows into the South China Sea at 1 ° south latitude . Other rivers are Batang Hari, Batang Merangin, Batang Tebo, Batang Tabir, Batang Tembesi, Batang Bungo, Berbak, Pengabuan, Air Hitam, Mendahara, Dendang and Batang Asai. High mountains are Kerinci, Raya, Sumbing, Masurai Tujuh and Alas. In the east lies the Berbak National Park . According to "Jambi Province in Figures 2020", the province has no islands.

The capital Jambi is about 60 km above the mouth of this river. In the west, the province encroaches on the mountains.

The area lies between Indragiri and Palembang . Jambi has a large share of Sumatra's largest national park, the Kerinchi-Seblat National Park .

Administrative division

Jambi consists of the following 9 Kabupaten ( administrative districts ) and 2 Kota ( cities ):

coat of arms	Kabupaten / Kota administrative district / city	Seat of government	location	Kecamatan sub- districts	Kelurahan / Desa communities	Area [km²]	Population (2019)	Inhabitants / km² (2019)
	Kabupaten Batang Hari	Muara Bulian		8th	14/110	5,804.00	304.162	52.4
	Kabupaten Bungo	Muara Bungo		17th	12/141	4,659.00	337.834	72.5
	Kabupaten Kerinci	Sungai Penuh / Siulak		16	2/285	3,355.27	240.361	71.6
	Kabupaten Merangin	Bangko		24	10/205	7,679.00	339.247	44.2
	Kabupaten Muaro Jambi	Sengeti		11	5/150	5,326.00	363.832	68.3
	Kabupaten Sarolangun	Sarolangun		10	9/149	6,184.00	317.317	51.3
	Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat	Kuala Tungkal		13	20/114	4,649.85	324,332	69.8
	Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur	Muara Sabak		11	20/73	5,445.00	226,390	41.6
	Kabupaten Tebo	Muara Tebo		12	5/107	6,461.00	324,619	50.2
	Kota Jambi	Kota Baru (Jambi)		11	62 / -	103.54	614,329	5,933.3
	Kota Sungai Penuh	Sungai Penuh		8th	4/65	391.50	100,934	257.8
Provinsi Jambi	Jambi		141	163 / 1,399	50,058.16	3,493,357	69.8

Source: Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri RI Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 (ordinance of the Minister of the Interior of October 2019):
The population figures are based on updates by the regional civil registration offices and date from the first half of 2019.

economy

Swamp landscape at Batang Hari in Jambi

The former road system and the economic use made possible by it (pepper and rubber tree) followed the rivers - large parts of the jungle were not accessible at all. With the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Highway , the possibilities of land use have been significantly expanded. The road opened up new, riverside areas for commercial logging, for state-sponsored new settlers and other immigrants. The opening of the coastal forests to palm oil plantations and settlements led to extensive forest fires and air pollution in 1997/98.

Besides the production of rubber and palm oil , oil production is of particular economic importance today .

history

Ferry across the Jambi (1915/39)

At the village of Muara Jambi on Batang Hari, almost 30 km northeast of Jambi, archaeologists have uncovered the rudiments of a formerly important Buddhist temple town. Based on stone inscriptions, the heyday of the place can be dated between the 10th and 13th centuries.

In the Middle Ages , the Jambi region belonged to the Empire of Srivijaya before it was Islamized and a sultanate was established in the 16th century . This was able to resist Dutch influence longer than other sultanates of Indonesia , only in 1858 it became a protectorate (vassal state) and in 1901 the last sultan was deposed. With the independence of Indonesia in 1949, Jambi became a province.

Wash and toilet huts on Jambi (year unknown)

In the 18th century Jambi was a center of pepper production , which was still characterized by a "gentle" forest use. From 1850 a Brazilian rubber tree was introduced and at the beginning of the 20th century plantations ( agroforestry ) replaced the shifting cultivation that had been used until then . During the first rubber boom after the First World War , many workers were drawn to the rubber plantations.

At the same time as the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Highway in the 1970s / 80s, immigration (especially from Java) was encouraged.

literature

• Dominik Bonatz , John David Neidel, Mai Lin Tjoa-Bonatz: The megalithic complex of highland Jambi. An archaeological perspective. In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- and Volkenkunde, 162, No. 4, Leiden 2006, pp. 490-522.
• Interesting facts about the province from different areas can be found in the annual e-book "Provinsi Jambi Dalam Angka" / "Jambi Province in Figures" in Indonesian and English. It can be downloaded together with other publications from the website of the Statistical Office of Jambi Province.

Web links

Commons : Jambi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Welcome to Sumatra Island. indonesiabangun.tripod.com
2. ↑ Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri RI Nomor 72 Tahun 2019: page 6, 793
3. ↑ D. Murdiyarso1, M. van Noordwijk et al. a .: Environmental benefits and sustainable land-use options in the Jambi transect, Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Vegetation Science (PDF; 404 kB)
4. ↑ D. Murdiyarso1, M. van Noordwijk et al. a .: Environmental benefits and sustainable land-use options in the Jambi transect, Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Vegetation Science (PDF; 404 kB)
5. ^ Badan Pusat Statistics Provinsi Jambi

Coordinates: 1 ° 30 ′  S , 103 ° 0 ′  E