New ski jump (Lochau)

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Schanz and powder tower of the Neue Schanze seen towards Lochau
Schanz and powder tower of the Neue Schanze seen in the direction of Bregenz
Storming of Bregenz by the Swedes in 1646/47; Theatrum Europaeum (1629–1650), Matthäus Merian;
on the left in the picture between the steep face and the lakeshore the " Bregenzer Klause "

The Neue Schanze (also: Seeschanze ) in front of the Klausberg in Lochau ( Vorarlberg , Austria ) is still partially preserved and the existing buildings are listed .

Function and history

The Neue Schanze was built in 1642 as the third entrenchment and defense line at Klausberg. The still preserved Schanz and Powder Tower is about 401  m above sea level. A. The Neue Schanze was built in the area of ​​the Klausmühle , shortly before the Klausmühlebach (seen in the direction of Bregenz ) and should frame Bregenz (city and fortress Bregenz) and the rest of Vorarlberg from the advancing Swedish troops under the general Carl Gustaf Wrangel protect against acts of war during the Thirty Years' War (see also: Sea War on Lake Constance 1632–1648 ).

The property on which this third barrage was built belonged to the Mehrerau monastery and this defense system was built against their will. In connection with this barrage, the cultivated trees located here had to be felled and many buildings destroyed.

The powder tower (which has since been rebuilt) and the Schanzkeller of this new ski jump are still preserved today. The original building had a drawbridge when it was erected, the path went through a gate below through the powder tower and two bastions were arranged in front of the powder tower . The arsenal of the Bregenz garrison was also located here until 1786, and at times the cellar was later used as a beer cellar .

In terms of military strategy, the Neue Schanze did not meet expectations when the Swedes attacked Bregenz on January 4, 1647, as the fortifications were sometimes simply bypassed, poorly manned or the motivation of the defenders to fight was low and they were poorly equipped, a bad one Organization by those responsible was basically in place and the population was tired of war. Many of the local military leaders were only concerned about their own safety and wanted to bring their assets to safety and have left the defenders, peasants, servants, artisans and citizens in the lurch. For reasons of economy, the divided Vorarlberg estates had sent back Colonel Kaspar Schoch, who was experienced in the war, with his troops, which were provided by the imperial government, and raised and carried out the defense with their own forces.

The Neue Schanze in Lochau, together with the two behind it on Klausberg and the one on Pfänder, was largely destroyed on March 29, 1647. The day before, the Swedish troops had blown up the fortifications on Gebhardsberg (Pfannenberg Castle).

With the abolition of the Mehrerau monastery in the course of secularization by Bavaria, to which Tyrol and Vorarlberg were awarded by the Peace of Pressburg in 1806 , the Klausmühle behind the Neue Schanze and the local vineyards ( Prälatenberg ) were sold free and to private parties.

The traffic situation at the Neue Schanze was changed significantly with the completion of the Lindau – Bludenz railway line in 1872. The powder tower of the Neue Schanze , which had been used for this purpose until then, was finally abandoned. In the course of the change in the traffic situation in 1831, the St. Magdalena chapel, 45 meters north of the Neue Schanze , was relocated.

Trivia

The legend of the Klushund , in which a traitor (including a certain Biggl von Lochau) was transformed, who is said to have shown the Swedes a secret way past the fortifications of the hermitage, is incomprehensible on the basis of historical documents and reports. The military defeat was self-inflicted, with the legend an attempt was made to subsequently conceal this failure of those politically and militarily responsible.

Between the Neue Schanze and the Klausberg, in the area of ​​the Wellenau parcel, the gallows of the Bregenz rulership had long stood . In 1643 the city of Bregenz was granted high jurisdiction , which previously only belonged to the respective Counts of Bregenz.

Web links

Commons : Neue Schanze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Object ID: 1537, address. Bregenzer Strasse 55, Lochau.
  2. ^ Franz Ransberg, Vorarlberg War History Book 1600 to 1648, p. 106 f.
  3. ↑ Historical drawing of the barriers on Klausberg, Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck .
  4. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, pages 58 to 66th
  5. ^ Franz Ransberg, Vorarlberg War History Book 1600 to 1648, pp. 173 ff, 201.
  6. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, p 66th
  7. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, p 79th
  8. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, p 94th
  9. ↑ Richard Beitl: 218. The Klushund , website: say.at.
  10. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, pp 204 et seq.
  11. ↑ Erwin Bennat: Municipal Chronicle Lochau , published by the municipality of Lochau 1986, p 58 f.

Coordinates: 47 ° 30 ′ 41.6 "  N , 9 ° 45 ′ 11.9"  E