New penny

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Groschen, 1863 Dresden VS.JPG
Groschen, 1863, Dresden RS.JPG


New penny from 1863, divided into 10 pfennigs, 30 pieces resulted in a thaler (diameter 18 mm, Dresden mint )

The Neugroschen (abbreviation Ngr. ) Is a Saxon divisional coin minted from 1841 to 1873 with the inscription "Neugroschen". This penny from billon was not divided into 12, like the Prussian penny , but into 10  pennies .

Explanation

In 1838 the Kingdom of Saxony joined the Dresden Coin Convention and minted 233.855 g of silver in the Prussian 14 thaler foot from the fine mark :

From 1857 to 1873, the 30 thaler foot was minted. The basic weight of the coin was the inch pound of 500 g.

  • 1 pound of fine silver = 30 club thalers
    • 1 Vereinstaler = 30 new pennies = 300 pfennigs

New pennies and pennies were divisive coins.

Prussian silver groschen from 1861, Berlin mint - in contrast to the new groschen, divided into 12 Pfenni (n) ge, 30 pieces resulted in a thaler (diameter 18.44 mm)

While Saxony divided the taler into 30 new groschen of 10 pfennigs each, Prussia divided the taler into 30  silver groschen of 12 pfennigs each. Friedrich Wilhelm III. had not been able to decide to consistently introduce the decimal system . In order to distinguish the new Prussian pfennigs worth 1 ⁄ 360 thalers from the old Prussian pfennigs worth 1 ⁄ 288 thalers, the designation PFENNING (E) was imprinted instead of pfennig (e).

Since a Saxon pfennig was worth 1 ⁄ 10 groschen (new penny) and a Prussian one 1 ⁄ 12  groschen (silver groschen), there was a lot of speculation with these coins, especially at the borders. The new pennies had the effect that the Prussian pennies were rejected in Saxon markets and referred to as bad pennies.

Eduard Döring wrote in 1854 (as a contemporary witness) about the different accounting methods:

“The only difference [...] is that in Prussia the silver groschen has 12 pfennigs, in Saxony the new groschen has 10 pfennigs, so that 5 pfennigs in Saxony are the same as 6 pfennigs in Prussia. - It would be desirable to have allowed complete agreement, but not deviations [...]; this is once again proof of how difficult it is to achieve unity and unity in Germany . "

- Eduard Döring : Handbook of coin change, measure and weight

The division of the Saxon new penny according to the decimal system served as a model for the introduction of the imperial currency in 1872.

The nominal

Kingdom of Saxony

Ein-Neugroschen-Sachsen-G-1842-av.jpg
Ein-Neugroschen-Sachsen-G-1842-rv.jpg


Neugroschen 1842 G, minted from 1841 to 1856
Ein-Neugroschen-Sachsen-B-1871-av.jpg
Ein-Neugroschen-Sachsen-B-1871-rv.jpg


Neugroschen 1871 B, minted from 1867 to 1873 (diameter 18 mm)
New penny Minting time Weight (g) Fineness
in per mille 		comment
2 Ngr. 1841-1856 3.118 312.5 rectangular crowned heraldic shield
2 Ngr. 1863-1873 3.221 300 crowned, oval coat of arms on cartouche (1868–1873 with head image and title of King John )
1 Ngr. 1841-1856 2.126 229.17 rectangular crowned heraldic shield
1 Ngr. 1861-1873 2.100 230 crowned, oval coat of arms on cartouche (1867–1873 with head image and title of King Johann)
½ Ngr. 1841-1856 1.063 229.17 rectangular crowned heraldic shield

The ½ Ngr. were replaced by copper five pfennigs in 1862. These five-pfennig pieces are “popularly known as pig ducats, because once a cattle dealer, as the joke tells us, paid for the pig he bought in such copper coins at the request of a so-called 'stupid farmer' and is said to have reckoned the fiver for a ducat . "

The mint masters in the Dresden mint at the time of the new coin mint were:

  • Mmz. G - Johann Georg Gromann (1833–1844)
  • Mmz. F - Gustav Theodor Fischer (1845-1860)
  • Mmz. B - Gustav Julius Buschick (1860-1887)

Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg

The Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg had 2 Ngr. (1841), 1 Ngr. (1841–1842) and ½ Ngr. (1841–1842) minted in the Dresden Mint. They only differ in the inscription H. S. ALTENB. SCHEIDE M. from the royal Saxon new penny.

In the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , 14 thaler feet were also minted. Although the groschen was divided into 10 pfennigs, the term "new groschen" does not appear on groschen coins.

Suspension of the new penny

10 Pfennig for a new penny, German Empire , copper / nickel, diameter 21 mm (later issue from 1904 with a larger imperial eagle , Muldenhütten mint )

After the war of 1871/1872 and the establishment of the German Empire , the individual national currencies were abolished with the new Coin Act of July 9, 1873 . The mark was set at 100 pfennigs as the new currency unit .

From June 1, 1876, new coins were no longer legal tender . From June 1 to August 31, 1876, they were accepted in payment by cash registers charged with redemption or converted into imperial currency. After August 31, 1876, they were no longer accepted.

The following were exchanged:

  • 1 ⁄ 15 thalers (= 2 new pennies) in 20 pfennigs
  • 1 ⁄ 30 thalers (= 1 new penny) in 10 pfennigs
  • ½ (new) groschen in 5 pfennigs

Issues of a family around 1842 in new penny

Max Barduleck, medalist at the Sächsische Staatsmünze [(1865) 1871–1911] in Dresden and then in Muldenhütten , also described the wages of workers in the mint in his catalog raisonné. The workers at the Dresden Mint were made up of all professions and unskilled people. "The sad conditions in which these workers lived", says Barduleck, "can be seen in two petitions from earlier times [...]". After 25 years the weekly wage had risen from two thalers to two thalers, seven groschen, eight pfennigs. "Caused by the need," continues Barduleck, "all workers came on November 2, 1842 with a request for an increase in their wages, which includes the following calculation of their income and expenses:"

  • Revenue:
    2 thalers 7 (new) groschen 8 pfennigs weekly wages
  • Expenses (for the whole family):
    10 (new) pennies weekly house rate
    25 (new) groschen for bread per week and more depending on the size of the family
    10 (new) groschen for ½ a pot of butter a week
    10 (new) groschen 5 pfennigs for breakfast, daily 1 (new) groschen 5 pfennigs
    27 (new) groschen 3 pfennigs for lunch, daily 3 (new) groschen 9 pfennigs
    12 (new) groschen 6 pfennigs for dinner, daily 1 (new) groschen 8 pfennigs
    10 (new) groschen 5 pfennigs for wood and coal, daily 1 (new) groschen 5 pfennigs
  • Graduation:
    3 talers 15 (new) groschen 9 pfennigs
    2 thalers 7 (new) groschen 8 pfennigs income
    3 Taler 15 (new) Groschen 9 Pfennige issues
    1 thaler 8 (new) groschen 1 pfennig more expenses than income.

“In addition,” says Barduleck, “with special expenses: 1. Rent, 2.  Alms contribution, 3. Contribution to widows' fund, 4. Personal tax  , 5.  School fees , 6. Community taxes, 7. Clothing, 8. Linen, 9. Footwear , 10. Light and oil as well as whatever else [...] is required. "

(From 1849 to 1873 the wages of the workers "with prominent positions" grew from around 2 thalers 17 new penny to around 5 thalers 24 new penny a week.)

See also

literature

  • Paul Arnold, Harald Küthmann, Dirk Steinhilber: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today , Augsburg 1997.
  • Max Barduleck: The last years of the mint in Dresden . Catalog of works 1865 to 1911, edited by Paul Arnold, Berlin 1981.
  • Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatics , Berlin 1976.
  • Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaft, Berlin 1974.
  • Helmut Kahnt: The large lexicon of coins from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005.
  • Friedrich von Schrötter (ed.) With N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer , J. Wilcke: Dictionary of Coin Studies , de Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Fengler, ...: transpress Lexikon Numismatics ..., p. 255
  2. ↑ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 256: 14 thalers feet
  3. ↑ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 256: 30 thalers feet
  4. ^ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 220
  5. ^ Friedrich von Schrötter ...: Dictionary of Coin Studies ..., p. 457
  6. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde ..., p. 184
  7. ↑ Eduard Döring: Handbook of coin change, measure and weight , Coblenz, 1854, p. 167/168
  8. ^ Rudolf Lorenz: The coins of the Kingdom of Saxony 1806–1871, Berlin 1968, p. 69
  9. ↑ acsearch: 2 Neugroschen 1853 F
  10. ↑ acsearch: 2 Neugroschen 1866 B
  11. ↑ acsearch: 1 Neugroschen 1845 F
  12. ↑ acsearch: ½ Neugroschen 1856 F
  13. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde ..., p. 180.
  14. ↑ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 257.
  15. ^ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 297.
  16. ^ Paul Arnold, ...: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today ..., p. 301.
  17. ↑ Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt Volume 1876, No. 11, Page 162: Announcement regarding the suspension of currency coins from Thalerwurrency , version dated April 12, 1876.
  18. ↑ (No. 953.) Coin Act of July 9, 1873
  19. ↑ Max Barduleck: The last years of the mint in Dresden ..., p. 37
  20. ^ Max Barduleck: The last years of the mint in Dresden ..., p. 37: special issues .
  21. ↑ Max Barduleck: The last years of the mint in Dresden ..., p. 38.