New York School

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The New York School was a group of American painters and poets in New York that crystallized from the early 1940s. Important artists of the first generation are Arshile Gorky , Hans Hofmann , Adolph Gottlieb , Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock . In 1946, the New York art critic Robert Coates coined the term Abstract Expressionism .

story

The opening of Peggy Guggenheim's Art of This Century gallery in October 1942 was considered a sensation by New York artists. The first show, equipped by the architect Frederick Kiesler , showed works by Kandinsky, Miró, Klee, Arp and Masson, among others. The free pictorial language of the Europeans, freeing themselves from the cubist models and geometric abstractions, and the bimorphic vocabulary of Arps' forms made a strong impression on Gorky in particular, but did not leave Mark Rothko and Clyfford Still untouched either.

A group around the painter Ad Reinhardt and the art critic Clement Greenberg caused a sensation in 1950 when these artists refused to take part in an exhibition of contemporary American art in the New York Museum of Modern Art . The action of the irascible was described as a protest against the politics of the museum and was intended to portray the painting of Abstract Expressionism as genuinely American art, as an avant-garde revolt of a continuous departure.

success

In the years that followed, the New York School hallmark became so successful that exhibitions in New York introduced artists such as Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg into the exhibition business as “Artists of the New York School, Second Generation”. Johns and Rauschenberg are now classified as a link between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art . Pop Art, on the other hand, is often cited in art historical depictions as a reaction against the unrealistic tendencies of Abstract Expressionism.

The visual artists of the New York School today include: Louise Bourgeois , Joe Brainard , Marisol Escobar , Helen Frankenthaler , Jane Freilicher , Franz Kline , Elaine de Kooning , Seymour Lipton , Conrad Marca-Relli , Joan Mitchell , Barnett Newman , Jackson Pollock , Fairfield Porter , Larry Rivers , Mark Rothko and David Smith .

New York School poets include: John Ashbery , Ted Berrigan , Kenward Elmslie , Barbara Guest , Kenneth Koch , Frank O'Hara , Bernadette Mayer , Alice Notley , Ron Padgett, and James Schuyler .

Composers who have been influenced, either directly or indirectly, by the painters and poets of the New York School include: Earle Brown , John Cage , Morton Feldman , David Tudor, and Christian Wolff .

See also

swell

  1. ↑ Barbara Rose: The New York School , in: American Painting , Skira / Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, 1979 ISBN 3-88447-021-3 , p. 169 ff
  2. ↑ See David Nicholls, 'Getting rid of the glue: the music of the New York School,' in: Journal of American Studies 27 (1993), pp. 335-353, and David Nicholls, 'Getting rid of the glue: the music of the New York School ', in: Steven Johnson (ed.), The New York Schools of Music and the Visual Arts , Routledge 2001, pp. 17-56.

literature

  • The New American Poetry, 1945-1960 . Donald Merriam Allen, 1969
  • Ron Padgett; David Shapiro (Ed.): An Anthology of New York Poets . 1970
  • Frank O'Hara: Poet Among Painters . Marjorie Perloff , 1977
  • Barbara, Honrath: The New York Poets and the Visual Arts . Wuerzburg 1994
  • Steven Johnson (Ed.): The New York Schools of Music and the Visual Arts , New York: Routledge 2001
  • David Lehman: The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets . 1998
  • Peter J. Schneemann: From the apology to the formation of theories. The historiography of Abstract Expressionism . 2003
  • Irving Sandler: The New York School. The Painters & Sculptors of the Fifties , 1978