Nicholas Cantilupe, 3rd Baron Cantilupe

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The heavily damaged funerary monument to Nicholas Cantilupe in Lincoln Cathedral

Nicholas Cantilupe, 3rd Baron Cantilupe (also Cantelupe or Cauntelo ) (* around 1301; † July 31, 1355 ) was an English nobleman, judge and military man. As a relatively small baron, he earned the trust of King Edward III. , who entrusted him with numerous offices and tasks.

Origin and heritage

Nicholas Cantilupe came from a branch of the Anglo-Norman family Cantilupe. He was a younger son of William Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe and his wife Eve Boltby († after 1314), the former wife of Alan of Walkingham . His father was a smaller northern English baron who died before 1308. Nicholas' older brother William Cantilupe, 2nd Baron Cantilupe then inherited her father's estates. In 1320 his brother gave him the goods of Greasley in Nottinghamshire and Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire . A little later, his brother died childless, so that Nicholas now inherited the title of Baron Cantilupe and all the family goods, including Ilkeston and Withcall in Nottinghamshire and possessions in Derbyshire and Lincolnshire . After the death of William Walkingham , his mother's son from their first marriage, he inherited Ravensthorpe in Yorkshire and other estates of the Boltby family . 1337 he handed Roger Lestrange, 4th Baron Strange lifetime managing Clifford Castle in Herefordshire . In April 1340 he received permission from the king to fortify his estate in Greasley.

Careers as administrator, judge and military

Advancement under Eduard II. And Eduard III.

Cantilupe gained his first military experience in 1319 during the failed campaign of King Edward II to Scotland and in 1322 under Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , whose campaign to Scotland also failed. Cantilupe was knighted on April 19, 1326 . In July 1326 he was accused of raiding Withcall in Lincolnshire along with his vassals . In 1327 he fought against the Scots with Hugh de Audley . In 1328 he served as a royal judge for the first time before traveling abroad in August 1329. He returned to England in the early 1330s. In the service of the young King Edward III. he restored royal rule in the north-eastern Midlands after he came to power . In April 1335 the king appointed him administrator of Berwick , which had been conquered from Scotland . In the next few months he therefore traveled several times between England and Scotland to fulfill his duties as a military man and as a judge. In January 1336 he was first appointed to parliament .

Military at the start of the Hundred Years War

After the Hundred Years War with France began in 1337 , Cantilupe traveled with the Earl of Derby to Antwerp in July 1338 , where he joined Edward III's entourage in November. belonged to. He then returned to England, only to move back to the Netherlands in July 1339 with more soldiers and equipment. In 1340 he was back in England, where he served as a judge on behalf of the king and collected taxes. In November 1340 he accompanied the king on his return to Ghent in Flanders , where he helped him to drive his opponents out of the city. In December 1340 and January 1341 Cantilupe traveled to Canterbury to order Archbishop Stratford to London. Then he was commissioned by the king to curb corruption and other maladministration in the northeastern Midlands. He presided over a court hearing in Lincoln in which a former sheriff confessed to having illegally cannibalized a stranded whale that Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln had conceded. He served in the Midlands until the end of the year before being called to campaign against the Scots. This did not happen, however, because in January 1342 he was supposed to go back to London to take part in a campaign in Gascony . After the War of Succession broke out in Brittany , he and the Earl of Derby were given command of an English force that was to intervene in Brittany. In October 1342 they reached Brest , where they wintered. In the spring of 1343 he returned to England. There he took over his office as judge again before suddenly falling seriously ill in January 1346.

Last years and death

It was not until October 1346 that he had recovered to the point where he could resume his judicial office. In October 1349 he took part in the reburial of the remains of his relative, St. Thomas of Hereford . In 1352 he was tasked with the coastal defense and the formation of troops in Lincolnshire. In 1354 he was appointed to parliament for the last time before he died in the summer of the following year.

Cantiloupe was considered particularly devout. In September 1333 he went on a pilgrimage abroad, the destination of which is unknown. In December 1343 he founded the Carthusian priory Beauvale near his Greasley estate . For this purpose, he founded within the Kathedralfreiheit of Lincoln location pin Cantilupe College . He was buried in Lincoln Cathedral.

Family and offspring

Cantilupe's first marriage was Tiffany , whose origin is unknown. With her he had at least one son:

  • William (around 1325 – around 1375)

In early 1342 he married Joan Littlebury († 1362), the widow of William Kyme, 2nd Baron Kyme and daughter of Sir Humphrey de Littlebury. She brought extensive Lincolnshire possessions into the marriage.

Before his death, Cantilupe excluded his son William as heir, so that his eldest grandson, Nicholas Cantilupe , only 13, became his heir. None of his direct descendants were reappointed as barons in parliament.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ James Bothwell: Edward III and the English peerage: royal patronage, social mobility and political control in fourteenth-century England. Boydell, Woodbridge 2004. ISBN 1-84383-047-7 , p. 146
  2. ↑ Nicholas Harris Nicolas: A Synopsis of the Peerage of England: exhibiting, under alphabetical arrangement, the date of creation, descent, and present state of every title of peerage which has existed in this country since the conquest , Vol. 1. Rivingtons, London 1825, p. 108
personal data
SURNAME Cantilupe, Nicholas, 3rd Baron Cantilupe
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cauntelo, Nicholas; Cantelupe, Nicholas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English nobleman, military man and judge
DATE OF BIRTH around 1301
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1355