Non-ferrous metal

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All metals except iron are referred to as non-ferrous metals in the periodic table . The best-known non-ferrous metals are the base metals copper , aluminum , zinc , nickel , lead and magnesium . Usually the abbreviation "non-ferrous metal" is used for this.

Further classifications

Technically used non-ferrous metals are divided as follows:

A further classification is made depending on the processing as

Non-ferrous alloys are all metal alloys that contain less than 50% iron (Fe).

Pure metals are identified with their chemical symbol and their purity in percent . In the case of precious metals that are processed into jewelry or coins, there is also a historically based marking in carats or fineness .

For non-ferrous alloys, the labeling in Germany was regulated in the DIN standard DIN 1700, which was withdrawn in May 2000 . This standard has been incorporated into ISO 1190-1. The chemical symbols of the base metal and the main alloying element are given, followed by its alloy content in percent by mass (from a content of over 1%).

The alloy AlMn1 is therefore an aluminum alloy with 1% manganese; the alloy CuNi25Zn15 is a copper alloy with 25% nickel and 15% zinc.

The non-ferrous metals also include precious metals such as: gold and silver .

Applications

Non-ferrous metals are used in many areas of technology and everyday life:

  • as cast parts (sand, chill or die casting)
  • as a construction material for aircraft and lightweight construction (aluminum, magnesium, titanium)
  • as electrical conductors (cables, busbars, contacts)
  • As a thermally conductive material in foundry technology (e.g. molds, casting wheels, crucibles) and in welding technology (welding nozzles, welding caps in robots, e.g. in car sheet steel processing)
  • as bearing materials for motors, drives and gears
  • for storing electrical energy (accumulators and batteries)
  • as corrosion-resistant components in marine applications
  • as hygienic, (drinking) water-carrying pipes (copper) and connector components or fittings
  • for roofing and exterior wall cladding (zinc and copper)
  • as prefabricated parts in house construction (gutters, downpipes) (zinc and copper)
  • for containers of all sizes in connection with food and luxury goods
  • as products in fittings (locks, keys, fittings)
  • in medical technology ((MRI, shielding, radiation protection)
  • as jewelry and coin material (gold, silver, copper, brass)
  • as a coating material for corrosion protection (galvanizing, tinning)
  • as sintered parts

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The non-ferrous metals. Retrieved August 27, 2020 .
  2. Metal materials in drinking water installations. Retrieved August 27, 2020 .
  3. 10 facts - building with copper and zinc. Retrieved August 27, 2020 .
  4. Roof drainage. Retrieved August 27, 2020 .