Lower Rhine lowlands

Lower Rhine lowlands
	Satellite image of the Lower Rhine lowlands
surface	4th 613.7 km² manual of the natural structure of Germany
Main unit group	57 → ; Lower Rhine lowlands
1st order natural space	North German Lowlands
	Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 32 '10 " N , 6 ° 21' 36.7" E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '10 " N , 6 ° 21' 36.7" E
	The southwest part of the North German lowlands with the Lower Rhine lowlands (57)
state	North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany , Netherlands

The Lower Rhine Lowland is a large German landscape that extends east and west of the Rhine north of Düsseldorf to the Dutch border. It includes the districts of Heinsberg (partially), Viersen , Neuss , Wesel , Kleve and the cities of Mönchengladbach , Krefeld , Duisburg , Oberhausen and the Bocholt area in the Borken district .

geography

The Lower Rhine Plain borders the Westphalian Bay in the northeast and east , the Bergisches Land in the southeast, the Lower Rhine Bay and Cologne Bay in the south, and the Netherlands in the west and northwest .

The Lower Rhine Plain is a river terrace landscape . In the level terraces there are various interconnections such as the sole valleys , the river meadows , old stream channels (regionally called Kendel ) or the edged moraine wall of the Lower Rhine Heights . The altitude is almost always less than 100 m above sea level. NN.

Natural structure

The Lower Rhine Plain was identified in the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany as one of 86 so-called main unit groups in Germany , it was given the code number 57 and was subdivided into nine three-digit so-called main units beginning with "57" , whereby a tenth, which also marginally affects Germany ( Eltener Heights ), was already drawn on the map from 1960, but initially without numbering. In the years 1963 to 1978 there was a detailed breakdown on a scale of 1: 200,000 on the single sheets Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (southern part, 1963), Kleve / Wesel (northern part, 1977) and Cologne / Aachen (only parts of the Selfkant in the extreme south; 1978) .

Overall, the following sub- natural areas were identified:

57 Lower Rhine lowlands
- 570 self-edge
  - 570.0 Selfkant terrace slab
    - 570.00 Geilenkirchen clay plate
    - 570.01 Hahnbusch
    - 570.02 Teveren-Gangelter Heide and Bruch
    - 570.03 Dutch border heath
  - 570.1 Rodebach lowlands and Schalbruch
  - 570.2 Lower Rur level
    - 570.20 Wurm Valley
    - 570.21 Heinsberger Ruraue
    - 570.22 Wassenberger terrace molding
    - 570.23 Effeld-Ophovener Heidewald
  - 570.3 Teveren-Heerlener Heide
  - 570.4 Gangelter Bruch (designation from sheet 123 Cologne; = 570.1X Rodebach lowland)
- 571 Schwalm-Nette plate
  - 571.0 Elmpt-Kaldenkirchen border forest
    - 571.00 Birgelen-Elmpter Heidewald
    - 571.01 Brüggener Schwalmbruch
    - 571.02 Brought Forest
    - 571.03 Venloer and Heronger Heide
  - 571.1 Schwalm-Nette-Ackerebene
    - 571.10 Schwalm plain
    - 571.11 Nice level
  - 571.2 Mönchengladbach-Rheindahlener loam plain
  - 571.3 Süchtelner heights
- 572 Niers lowland
  - 572.0 Lower kidney level
  - 572.1 Twistedener sand plates
    - 572.10 Hees main terrace slab
    - 572.11 Wembsch break
    - 572.12 Twistedener terrace slab
    - 572.13 Kleinkevelaerer lowland
    - 572.14 Lüllingen · Walbeck sand plate
- 573 Kempen-Aldekerker panels ( Niersplatten )
  - 573.0 Straelen-Grefrath-Mönchengladbacher Terraces
    - 573.00 Straelen terrace slab
    - 573.01 Grefrath-Viersener terrace molding
    - 573.02 Mönchengladbach terrace
  - 573.1 Middle Nierstal
    - 573.10 Upper Niers and Triet Fractures
    - 573.11 Neersener Niersbruch
    - 573.12 Middle Nier Valley
    - 573.13 Nieukerker and Aldekerker Bruch
  - 573.2 Büttgener clay plate
  - 573.3 Kempen clay slab
  - 573.4 Aldekerker clay panel
  - 573.5 Schaephuysener mountain range
- 574 Lower Rhine Heights
  - 574.0 Boenninghardt
  - 574.1 Hees
  - 574.2 Balberger ridge
    - 574.20 Balberger Sandloess Back
    - 574.21 Balberger Höhenrand
  - 574.3 Uedem break
  - 574.4 Pfalzdorfer Heights
    - 574.40 Pfalzdorf Loess Plateau
    - 574.41 Pfalzdorfer Höhenrand
  - 574.5 Reichswald Heights
  - 574.6 Kranenburger Höhenrand
- 575 Middle Lower Rhine Plain
  - 575.0 Lower terrace level on the left of the Lower Rhine
    - 575.00 Neusser terrace molding
    - 575.01 Moers Donkenland
      - Kamper Berg and Niersenberg (sheet Wesel); Hülser Berg, Gulix-, Rayener, Eyllscher and Dachsberg as well as Egelsberg (Düsseldorf sheet) ( singularities without number)
    - 575.02 Hülser break
    - 575.03 Badger Broken and Vluyn Busch
    - 575.04 Moerser and Baerler sand plates (name from sheet Wesel; in the south identical to 575.1 (sheet Cologne)).
    - 575.05 Alpine Rhine Plain
    - 575.06 Veen-Sonsbeck break
  - 575.1 Moerser and Baerler Heide (see 575.04)
  - 575.2 Düsseldorf-Weseler Rheinaue (name of the Wesel sheet; Düsseldorf sheet: Düsseldorf-Duisburger Rheinaue )
    - 575.20 Oberkasseler Aue
    - 575.21 (no name; Uerdinger Aue in the broader sense )
      - 575.210 Uerdinger Aue (i. E. S.)
      - 575.211 Lank-Latumer low terrace islands
      - 575.212 Hohenbudberg-Rumeln low terrace islands
      - 575.213 Oestrum-Homberg low-terrace spurs
    - 575.22 Rheinberger Aue
  - 575.3 Lower terrace level to the right of the Lower Rhine
    - 575.30 Düsseldorf-Duisburg Rhine plain
    - 575.31 Wedau-Tiefenbrucher Markwälder
    - 575.32 Ruhr-Emscher estuary
      - 575.320 Lower Ruhraue
      - 575.321 Ruhr-Emscher-Platte
    - 575.33 (nonexistent)
    - 575.34 Dinslaken Rhine plain
      - 575.340 Spellen dunes
    - 575.35 Lower Lippe floodplain
- 576 Issel level
  - 576.0 Upper Issel level
    - 576.00 Drevenacker dunes
    - 576.01 Wesel plain
    - 576.02 Isselbruch
    - 576.03 Dingdener sand ledges
  - 576.1 Diersfordt-Wittenhorster sand plates
    - 576.10 Diersfordt dunes
    - 576.11 Wittenhorster sand plates
  - 576.2 Millingen-Bocholter level
    - 576.20 Millinger Plain
    - 576.21 Isselburg-Werther Bruch lowlands
    - 576.22 Bocholt sand plain
- 577 Lower Rhine valley
  - 577.0 Xanten Bay
    - 577.00 Xanten-Marienbaumer Rhine plain
    - 577.01 Labbeck break
  - 577.1 Reeser Rhine lowlands
    - 577.10 Appeldorn-Kalkarer Rhine valley
      - 577.100 Reeser Stromaue
      - 577.101 Wisseler Dunes
    - 577.11 Rees-Bislicher Rhine lowlands
  - 577.2 Kleve-Emmerich Rhine lowlands
    - 577.20 Grieth-Klever Rhine valley
      - 577.200 Emmericher Stromaue
    - 577.21 Millingen-Emmerich Rhine lowlands
  - 577.3 Kranenburg break
    - - 577.300 Zyfflicher sand plate
  - 577.4 Kranenburg Bay
  - 577.5 Emmerich sand plate
    - - 577,500 Borghees
  - 577.6 Elten sand plain
- 578 Lower Rhine sand plates
  - 578.0 Königshardter sand plates
    - 578.00 Königshardter main terrace slab
    - 578.01 Hiesfeld-Sterkrader middle terraces
    - 578.02 Hünxe-Gahlener flat waves
  - 578.1 Hünxe-Gahlener Lippetal
    - 578.10 Krudenburger Lippeaue
    - 578.11 Hünxe-Gahlener Terraces
    - 578.12 Damm-Emmelkämper Terraces
  - 578.2 Brünen-Schermbeck sand plates
    - 578.20 Brünen-Freudenberger main terrace slab
    - 578.21 Schermbeck flat waves
    - 578.22 Bakel-Emmelkämper dunes
    - 578.23 Marianthalar Ebane
  - 578.3 Rhede-Krechtinger valley level
    - 578.30 Krechtinger Aatalaue
    - 578.31 Rheder valley level
    - 578.32 Southern Krechtingen edge plain
  - 578.4 Vardingholter sand plates
    - 578.40 Vardingholter main terrace slab
    - 578.41 Holtwicker Bachtal valley
- 579 Elten Heights
  - 579.0 (no name)
    - 579.00 Elten Stauchwall heights
    - 579.01 Elten high edge
(without number) Meuse plain

geology

Main article: Geology of the Lower Rhine Bay

The Lower Rhine Plain is the northern part of the geological structure of the Lower Rhine Bay . Its geology is determined by subsidence movements in the last 30 million years, which have created a sediment package up to 1,300 m thick in this lowland .

climate

The annual precipitation is 700 to 800 mm, the mean annual temperature between 9.5 and 10.5 ° C. The climate is dominated by the Atlantic, with mild winters, mostly with little snow, moderately warm summers and a long vegetation period .

Individual evidence

^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
↑
* Various authors: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. → Online maps
- Sheet 95/96: Kleve / Wesel (Wilhelm von Kürten 1977; 75 pages) → Map 95/96 (PDF; 7.3 MB)
- Sheet 108/109: Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (Karlheinz Paffen, Adolf Schüttler, Heinrich Müller-Miny 1963; 55 pages) → Map 108/109 (PDF; 7.4 MB)
- Sheet 122/123: Cologne / Aachen (Ewald Glässer 1978; 52 p.) → Map 122/123 (only small Selfkant parts !; PDF; 9.1 MB)
↑ Description on sheet 109 Düsseldorf
↑ In the south of sheet Wesel, “572.14” changes to “573.00”; According to the Wesel sheet, the border was apparently somewhere on the Düsseldorf sheet.
↑ The slightly larger western part of the landscape, which ends in the north of the Düsseldorf sheet as “573.00”, is called “572.14” on the Wesel sheet!
↑ Sheet Düsseldorf denotes with 575.33 what is called on sheet Wesel "575.34", while sheet Wesel denotes what is called on sheet Düsseldorf 575.32 (1); Apparently numbering errors in the later published Wesel paper.
↑ unnumbered, as only marginal in Germany; identifiable as an independent main unit group by the thickness of the boundary line, but dealt with immediately below 571.3 on the Düsseldorf sheet

[Meynen-1] Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).

[Einzelblätter-2] * Various authors: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. → Online maps

Sheet 95/96: Kleve / Wesel (Wilhelm von Kürten 1977; 75 pages) → Map 95/96 (PDF; 7.3 MB)

Sheet 108/109: Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (Karlheinz Paffen, Adolf Schüttler, Heinrich Müller-Miny 1963; 55 pages) → Map 108/109 (PDF; 7.4 MB)

Sheet 122/123: Cologne / Aachen (Ewald Glässer 1978; 52 p.) → Map 122/123 (only small Selfkant parts !; PDF; 9.1 MB)

[3] Sheet 95/96: Kleve / Wesel (Wilhelm von Kürten 1977; 75 pages) → Map 95/96 (PDF; 7.3 MB)

[4] Sheet 108/109: Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (Karlheinz Paffen, Adolf Schüttler, Heinrich Müller-Miny 1963; 55 pages) → Map 108/109 (PDF; 7.4 MB)

[5] Sheet 122/123: Cologne / Aachen (Ewald Glässer 1978; 52 p.) → Map 122/123 (only small Selfkant parts !; PDF; 9.1 MB)

[Blatt_109-3] Description on sheet 109 Düsseldorf

[4] In the south of sheet Wesel, “572.14” changes to “573.00”; According to the Wesel sheet, the border was apparently somewhere on the Düsseldorf sheet.

[5] The slightly larger western part of the landscape, which ends in the north of the Düsseldorf sheet as “573.00”, is called “572.14” on the Wesel sheet!

[6] Sheet Düsseldorf denotes with 575.33 what is called on sheet Wesel "575.34", while sheet Wesel denotes what is called on sheet Düsseldorf 575.32 (1); Apparently numbering errors in the later published Wesel paper.

[7] unnumbered, as only marginal in Germany; identifiable as an independent main unit group by the thickness of the boundary line, but dealt with immediately below 571.3 on the Düsseldorf sheet