Matvi Hryhoriev

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Ataman Nikifor Grigoriev 1919

Matwij Oleksandrowytsch Hryhorjew ( Ukrainian Матвій Олександрович Григор'єв , known as Ataman Nikifor Grigoriev (also Grigorev or Grigor`ev ); * 1884 in Sastawlja ( Заставля ) at Dunaivtsi , government Podolien , Russian Empire (other information by in Werbljuschka ); † 27 July 1919 in Sentowe, today's Rodnykivka , Ukrainian People's Republic ) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army , who led an anarchist peasant army in Ukraine from 1919 and worked with Nestor Machno .

Life

Not much is known about Hryhorev's life before the outbreak of the Russian Revolution : he was a cavalry officer in the Imperial Russian Army and received the Order of St. George there . He served in the Russo-Japanese War and from 1914 in an infantry regiment, in which he distinguished himself through particular bravery. He became a lieutenant in the 58th Prague Infantry Regiment and was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party from 1917. After the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk he did his service first in the newly founded Ukrainian Army, but from December 1918 on a partisan army to take action against the government influenced by the Central Powers and the troops sent by the Entente .

Partisan fight in Ukraine

Depiction of Hryhorjew in a contemporary propaganda representation of the Bolsheviks

At the zenith, Hryhorev's troops comprised about 12,000 men and operated mainly in the Kherson Governorate . The troop was mixed up and consisted of many Cossacks and other soldiers from the former Russian army, who switched sides after the fall of the empire. Hryhorjew was able to record a great success when he was able to drive the last French troops out of Odessa . His troops were part of the Red Army until May 1919 , but on May 4, 1919 the soldiers began pogroms against Jews and against Bolshevik commissars. This put Hryhorjew in a difficult situation, because on the one hand he was cooperating with the Bolsheviks at the time , but on the other hand he also had to take into account the complicated structure of his troops, in which the anti-Bolshevik currents were increasingly gaining influence. Hryhorjew decided to oppose the Bolsheviks and sparked a revolt against the Bolsheviks in right-bank Ukraine on May 6th . His men managed to occupy Oleksandrija , Kremenchuk , Cherkassy , Uman and Kropywnyzkyj . Then on May 8, he proclaimed the Soviet Republic of Ukraine , in which the seats were distributed fairly (80% Ukrainians, 5% Jews and 15% Russians). Contrary to this plan, his men began massacres of Russians and Jews at the time. On May 15, the Red Army launched a counter-offensive from Odessa, Kiev and Poltava . Within two weeks all the cities that Hryhoriev had conquered were recaptured. In response, Hryhoriev took a strong nationalist position and moved closer to Nestor Makhno. Machno accepted this and so he started working with him from July. As early as July 27, 1919, there was a difference of opinion between the two, whereupon Hryhorjew planned to go over to the white army , which was unacceptable for Machno. Therefore, he and his staff planned to execute Hryhoriev. Hryoriev was then killed by Machnos men in an unknown manner.

Web links

Commons : Matwij Hryhorjew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biography Hryhorjew (Hryhorijiw) Mykola (Matwij) in ukrainians-world ; accessed on January 30, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  2. ↑ Krasnoznamennyj Černomorskij /. Accessed January 30, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Robert Gerwarth, John Horne: War in Peace: Paramilitary violence in Europe after the First World War . Wallstein Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8353-2461-9 ( google.de [accessed on January 30, 2018]).
  4. ↑ Robert Gerwarth, John Horne: War in Peace: Paramilitary violence in Europe after the First World War . Wallstein Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8353-2461-9 ( google.de [accessed on January 30, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Steven Hirsch, Lucien van der Walt: Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870-1940: The Praxis of National Liberation, Internationalism, and Social Revolution . BRILL, 2010, ISBN 90-04-18849-5 ( google.de [accessed January 30, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Orest Subtelny: Ukraine: A History . University of Toronto Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-8020-8390-6 ( google.de [accessed January 30, 2018]).
personal data
SURNAME Hryhorjew, Matwij
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hryhorjew, Matwij Oleksandrowytsch (full name); Ataman Grigoriev; Григор'єв, Матвій Олександрович (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ataman and officer in the tsarist army, anarchist peasant leader
DATE OF BIRTH 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Sastavlja near Dunajiwzi , Podolia Governorate , Russian Empire or Werbljuschka
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1919
Place of death Sentowe, Ukrainian People's Republic