Nikolai Nikolayevich Krestinsky

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Nikolai Krestinsky

Nikolay Krestinsky ( Russian Николай Николаевич Крестинский , born October 13 . Jul / 25. October  1883 greg. In Mogilev , Russian Empire ; †  15. March 1938 in Moscow ) was a Russian revolutionary and politician .

biography

Rise to power

The lawyer and journalist Krestinski was one of the early leading revolutionaries against tsarist Russia . As early as 1903 he became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAPR). In 1917 he was chairman of a regional party committee of Yekaterinburg (Urals). On the secret VI. At the party congress (July 26 to August 3, 1917) of the RSDLP - later the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - he was elected to the party's 21-member Central Committee . At this time he was one of Lenin's most important confidants . During the revolutionary transition from October 10, 1917 to February 18, 1919, he was secretary of the Central Committee and the party's organizational office. At the Eighth Party Congress on February 18, 1919, he was elected to the party's Politburo, which now consists of five members - consisting of Lenin, Kamenev , Trotsky , Krestinsky and Stalin . From 1920 to 1921 he finally headed the secretariat of the Central Committee as the “responsible secretary”.

Increasing loss of power

At the 10th Party Congress in 1921, however, Krestinski lost his membership in the Politburo, the OrgBüro and the Central Committee when he stood up for Trotsky . He was initially for a short time People's Commissar for Justice, then from 1921 to 1923 People's Commissar for Finances and from 1922 to 1930 Ambassador in Berlin and after 1930 Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs.

Although he moved away from Trotsky's group in 1923 and resolutely distanced himself from the opposition in the party in 1928, Stalin remained consistently suspicious of him.

Show trial and death

As part of the Moscow Trials during the Stalin Great Terror , he was in 1938 in the "Process of Twenty-one" a. a. Sentenced to death on March 13, 1938, together with former Politburo member Bukharin and former chairman of the People's Commissars Rykov , and executed in March.

rehabilitation

In 1956 he was in the context of de-Stalinization in the secret speech of Khrushchev on the XX. Party congress of the CPSU partially and then completely rehabilitated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the period of perestroika after 1986 .

literature

  • Leon Trotsky: Stalin - A biography . Pawlak-Verlag and Kiepenheuer & Witsch
  • Spuler: rulers and governments of the world . Minister-Ploetz Vol. 4, 1964
  • Merle Fainsod : How Russia is governed . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1965

Web links

Commons : Nikolai Krestinsky  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CV at Bundesarchiv.de
personal data
SURNAME Krestinsky, Nikolai Nikolayevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Николай Николаевич Крестинский (Russian name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 25, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Mogilev
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1938
Place of death Moscow