Nobistor

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Border post at Nobistor, cast iron 1839/1848 (coat of arms with imperial eagle on lantern post after 1871)

Nobistor is a former city gate of Altona to the Hamburg suburb on the "Hamburger Berg", which has been called St. Pauli since 1833 , and is now the name of a street between Reeperbahn and Louise-Schroeder-Straße.

The street

According to the map of Hamburg and Altona 1890 , the street “Nobistor” continued to the west from Große Freiheit in Reichenstraße and to the east from Lincolnstraße in street Langereihe ; the Reeperbahn only began at Davidstrasse / Wilhelminenstrasse (today Hein-Hoyer-Strasse). According to the Falk Plan of 1947, the Nobistor and Reeperbahn streets merged directly with one another on Talstraße, with the name Langereihe removed . The former Reichenstrasse became a secondary lane on the north side with the "car-friendly" expansion of the east-west axis Reeperbahn / Königstrasse and the north-facing Holstenstrasse in the 1960s and the construction of the underground S-Bahn station Reeperbahn in the 1970s the Reeperbahn, which, together with the eastern end of the Große Bergstrasse , was now called Nobistor . Otherwise everything was called up to Holstenstraße / Pepermölenbek Reeperbahn .

This is difficult to understand on site, especially since the confluence area Große Freiheit has been called Beatles-Platz since 2008 after a Beatles monument was erected . But nothing has changed in the postal addresses of the houses there: to the east of the Große Freiheit it is Reeperbahn , to the west of it is Nobistor .

The former city gate

Nobistor around 1840 at the end of Altonaer Reichenstrasse, looking east towards Hamburg
Nobistor around 1880, looking west into Reichenstrasse and the confluence of the Große Freiheit
Nobistor around 1900, from the same perspective as in the previous photo
Nobistor pillar south side (NOBIS BENE and Altona coat of arms)

Altona came with Holstein-Pinneberg to the Duchy of Holstein in 1647 and was given by the current sovereign, King Friedrich III. elevated to a town by Denmark on August 23, 1664. Hamburg's relationship with Denmark and Altona, which is right on the border - in Hamburg's assessment all to nah ("too close") - was not poor in conflicts. On the third day of Pentecost in 1734 on the Hamburger Berg, “not far from the Altonaische Pforte” in the local “Wirthshaus, on which the Hamburgische Wapen hangs”, “four drunk guys”, who were soon joined by the Danish military, started a tumult that spread over several Days dragged on. Two Hamburg dragoons were shot dead by Danish soldiers and the inn was severely damaged.

The map created as a result of the area of ​​the Hamburger Berg: in which in June 1734 a tavern was spoiled by the Altona mob shows the border line from the Elbe to the fourth of the border crossings there, each designated as the "Alton [aer] gate" there is a barrier on the Hamburg side . On the fourth, north of the path on the Hamburg side, “Nobis Teich” and next to it the “Spoliirte” inn is marked. In November 1740 a comparison was made between the Danish king and the city of Hamburg about the regulation and marking of the border, which defined the "fourth entrance in Altona" as between "Herr-Wische, also otherwise known as Reesen and Süder-Nobis pond" and "Norder-Nobis-Teich and the Admiralty Pasture" describes lying. In this context, the Altona Execution Receipt of June 11, 1744 speaks of the “Hamburg's former Süder-Nobis-Teich” and the “Norder-Nobis-Teich”.

In the subsequently produced Gräntz-Charte, on which the Gräntz signs between the city of Hamburg and Altona are described , the “fourth entrance in Altona” between the “Herren Wiese” and the “Admiralty Weide” near the small Mennonite church is on to find the great freedom. The name Nobistor does not appear on this map either; the other five entrances are also still nameless. Only in a map from 1839 are they called Pinnastor, Schlachterbudentor, Trommeltor, Nobistor and Hummeltor (on Grosse Rosenstrasse, today Paul-Roosen-Strasse); the northernmost entrance on Grosse Gärtnerstrasse (today Thadenstrasse), however, remained permanently nameless. In Mirbeck's map published in Islington in 1803, only the first and second of the entrances numbered from 1e E to 6 E were designated as gates: “Pinnas Thor” and “Juden Thor”.

There was nothing defensive about these six gates. These were simple, guarded wooden gates that had been locked at night since around 1750 (gate lock). Crossing the border between them on foot was not significantly hindered by the border or Scheidebach Pepermölenbek and several ditches (new Scheide , old and drained Gräntz ditch ). That is why the saying in Altona was: “Dat Dor was us ni tomahkt” (“The gates are never closed to us”); The city coat of arms also shows a mighty, three-towered gate building that never actually exists, but whose door leaves (in contrast to the Hamburg coat of arms) are wide open.

Schlachterbudentor 1890

The Hamburg gate lock was lifted on New Year's 1861 ; accordingly, the Altona gates were closed in May 1861 on the basis of a college resolution of March 13, 1861. Only two cast-iron-sheathed pillars remained from the nobistor. Medallions in a laurel wreath show the monogram of King Christian VIII of Denmark in addition to the Altona city coat of arms , which is why the installation is to be assumed during his reign (December 3, 1839 - January 20, 1848), probably at the end. Lanterns were probably placed on the pillars later, as gas lighting was only introduced in Altona in 1857.

Each of the two pillars also showed one half of the saying “Nobis bene, nemini male”, the Latin version of the toasting saying “Us well, nobody bad!”, Which was documented as early as the 18th century. This inscription was also borne by the “little wooden Nobistor”, of which a traveler from Turin reported in 1836 in a letter that an Italian magazine published a year later.

The two Nobistor pillars - similar ones had also existed at the Schlachterbudentor - were so badly damaged in the Second World War that only one with half the inscription NOBIS BENE returned to its old location in July 1959 after a long period of storage at the still recognizable border crossing between Altona and Hamburg, which serves as access to the “Kontakthof” of the Reeperbahn 170 establishment, which opened in 1967 under the name “Eros Center”. Dismantled on June 6, 2013, the pillar was erected there again in November 2013 after extensive restoration. The association, Friends of Monument Preservation , covered the costs of 17,000 euros . V.

Surname

The name Nobistor goes back to an inn located on the Hamburg side of the Grenzgraben, which was first referred to as Nobiskrug in 1526 and destroyed between 1609 and 1624. Later the restaurant Das Neue Hamburger Wappen stood there . The name Nobistor came up only after 1739. In any case, the inscription on the border pillars of the 19th century did not give the name. It comes from a time when the original, multi-layered meaning of the term Nobiskrug was forgotten or was supposed to be suppressed by a friendlier motto with nobis .

See also

Web links

Commons : Nobistor  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Falk Plan from 1947 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.landkartenarchiv.de
  2. ^ History of the Princely House of Holstein. Eighth Hauptstük in August Benedict Michaelis: Introduction to a complete history of the Chur and Princely Houses in Germany . Second part. Lemgo 1760. P. 566 f ( limited preview in Google book search)
  3. ↑ Presentation of the area of ​​the Hamburger Berg. In: agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de. Retrieved January 17, 2015 .
  4. ^ In: Collection of Hamburg Laws and Constitutions […] including historical introductions . The tenth part. Hamburg 1771, pp. 169-179. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  5. ↑ Collection of Hamburg Laws and Constitutions […] including historical introductions . The tenth part. Hamburg 1771, p. 173.
  6. ↑ Collection of Hamburg Laws and Constitutions […] including historical introductions . The tenth part. Hamburg 1771, pp. 179-192. (books.google.de: Piscator: Collection of Hamburg laws and constitutions in civil and church matters, including Cammer, action and other policey matters and business, including historical introductions. ) Piscator, 1771, p. 179 ( restricted preview in Google Book Search).
  7. ↑ Collection of Hamburg Laws and Constitutions […] including historical introductions . The tenth part. Hamburg 1771, p. 184 f.
  8. ^ Border map, on which the border signs between the city of Hamburg and Altona are described. In: agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de. Retrieved January 17, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Altona in 1836 / Taken under Etatrath Schumacher's direction and drawn by Capitain [Christian Wilhelm] Nyegaard [1790-1847] , see Altona in 1836. In: agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de. Retrieved January 17, 2015 .
  10. ↑ C. Lorenz B. Mirbeck (Benjamin Baker Sculp.) , See Altona. In: agora.sub.uni-hamburg.de. Retrieved January 17, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Peter Freimark: Eruw / 'Judentore'. On the history of a ritual institution in the Hamburg area (and elsewhere) , in: Peter Freimark / Ina Lorenz / Günter Marwedel ( eds .): Judentore, Kuggel, tax accounts. Studies on the history of German Jews, primarily in the Hamburg area . Hamburg 1983 (Hamburg Contributions to the History of German Jews 9), p. 23 (StAH Altona 2, IVe6 (college minutes), meetings of February 20 and March 13, 1861)
  12. ↑ cf. Johann Friedrich Schütze: Holstein Idioticon; a contribution to the history of folk customs. First part. Hamburg 1800, p. 278 ( limited preview in the Google book search): “Eine Hamb. Half-Flat German health means: We are doing well and nobody is ill! Who drinks dat nig, the haal de Düvel! ​​”; Tobias George Smollett: Humphry Klinkers Reisen . Third volume. From the English [by Johann Joachim Christoph Bode ]. Leipzig 1772, p. 115 ( limited preview in the Google book search): "on us good and nobody bad"
  13. ↑ "la piccola Porta Nobis di legno ( Nobis Thor così detta dalla prima parola dell 'iscrizione latina: Nobis bene, nemini male )". Altona: Frammento di Lettera del Professore [Giuseppe Filippo] Baruffi [1809-1875] al Cavaliere Felice Romani (October 1836), in: Poligrafo Giornale , October 1837, p. 85 books.google .
  14. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (Pdf; 915 kB) ( Memento of June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB) No. 290; Grenzzeichen Nobistor in: Renata Klée Gobert: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Volume II, Altona • Elbe suburbs (edited by Günther Grundmann), Christian Wegner, Hamburg 1959, p. 305.
  15. ↑ The Nobistor pillar threatens to fall apart. (No longer available online.) In: elbe-wochenblatt.de. February 21, 2013, archived from the original on April 16, 2015 ; accessed on January 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elbe-wochenblatt.de
  16. ↑ The Nobistor Pillar goes on a journey. (No longer available online.) In: elbe-wochenblatt.de. August 8, 2013, archived from the original on April 16, 2015 ; accessed on January 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elbe-wochenblatt.de
  17. ↑ The Nobistor Pillar is back. (No longer available online.) In: elbe-wochenblatt.de. November 18, 2013, archived from the original on April 16, 2015 ; accessed on January 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elbe-wochenblatt.de
  18. ↑ CF Gädechens: Historical Topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , Hamburg 1880, pp. 87 and 186.
  19. ↑ Ernst Grohne: Die Nobiskrugt , in: Niederdeutsche Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, 6th year, 1928, p. 194 with note 1.

literature

  • Grenzzeichen Nobistor in: Renata Klée Gobert: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Volume II, Altona • Elbe suburbs (edited by Günther Grundmann), Christian Wegner, Hamburg 1959, p. 127 f.
  • Reinhold Pabel : Old Hamburg street names , Bremen: Ed. Temmen, 2001, pp. 180-183.

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 57 ′ 22 ″  E