Nobiskrug (inn)

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Nobiskrug , (South German also: Nobishaus) is a name of certain inns that has been known since the 15th century . In the religious and moralizing literature of the Reformation period, the word occurs as a name for a fictional inn in which the recently deceased gather at a Luciferian innkeeper. As a literary motif, the Nobiskrug has a tradition well into the 20th century. Largely independent of these texts, woodcuts from around 1500 and a few leaflets from the 17th century show their own pictorial tradition. Since the 15th century and to this day there have been a few inns and place names derived from them under the name Nobiskrug , mostly away from the cities. Some place and field names are linked with doom and gloom.

Surname

Krug is a northern German name for rural economies. The puzzling composition has challenged different derivations, not only the obvious one from the Latin personal pronoun nobis = us . In Grimm's dictionary , the etymological connections suspected up to 1885 are referred to under Nobis , especially with the Latin abyssus: abyss, hell , to which an N was put in front of. In the most conclusive study to date, Grohne derived the Nobiskrug from the Rotwelschen negative prefix nobis , which the traveling people used to mark inns to be avoided. For a long time, Krogmann's interpretation, which associated the word with the Swiss nobi rat , a basket for children who died unbaptized, found recognition . In the Alpine region, the Nobishaus was considered a transit point for these souls, a kind of limbo for children. Most recently, Marianne Rumpf took up a reference to the Latin prayer formula ora pro nobis and explains nobis as a term for a sinful person in need of intercession, in particular the penitential pilgrim and the Nobiskrug as a pilgrimage hostel .

Grohne explains that the metaphorical name, which is negatively associated with its reference to the hereafter, was transferred to real taverns by saying that the name was not given by the owner or landlord, but originally based on the despicable names used by the population and guests (pilgrims, vagabonds etc. Traveling people) rest. Grohne justifies the fact that the real, localizable Nobis pitchers are concentrated in northern Germany with the fact that northern Germany developed the custom of using house names late.

literature

The idea of ​​hell as a tavern and the devil as host has medieval origins. Both in poetic prose and in the religious controversial and edifying literature of the 16th and 17th centuries there are numerous references to the use of Nobiskrug or Nobishaus as a metaphor for hell, or at least for a transit point for the dead ( Martin Luther , Johann Fischart , Thomas Murner , Hans Sachs , Burckhardt Waldis, Uz Eckstein, Grimmelshausen , Nicolaus Baer).

After the motif had largely been lost in the 18th century, it was revived in poetry of the late 19th century, probably via the reception of folk tales. A poem by Friedrich Wilhelm Weber (1881) and a ballad by Börries Freiherr von Münchhausen (1911) deal with the transition point between life and death. Low German writers take up this ( Hermann Boßdorf : De Fährkroog , 1918 and Friedrich Lindemann: De Nobiskrog , 1923) In the famous introductory chapter An old jug to his early work Geist der Utopie , for Ernst Bloch the Nobisk jug is a place of borderline experience, in the film novella by Peter Huchel is more of a place of rural superstition. In more recent works, the following was also found: a story: The walk to the Nobiskrug by Walter Vollmer (1938); a radio play or play: Nobiskrog. En Spiël tüsken Liäben un Daud (1956 and 1961) by Anton Aulke ; a collection of poems: The Nobiskrug (1972) by the Bukovinian writer Immanuel Weissglas ; and a collection of poems by Dieter Hoffmann, Darmstadt 2005.

Representations

Purgatory house with "Nobis" man. Detail from a title page to Eyn spegel aller lefhebbere der sundigen werlde , woodcut, Magdeburg 1493

In the decades around 1500 occasionally timber sections are formed with representations of the hell pharynx , the purgatory or limbus , where the marginal figurine of a pitcher wearing man with inscription Nobis , Nobis house or Nobis inn is assigned. They are partly single sheets, partly illustrations, but the references to the texts of the associated tracts with their warnings of sin have not yet been properly examined. The connection between hell and jug remains unclear, only a few leaflets from the 17th century identify the Nobis jug with hell more explicitly.

State of research

In order to explain the topic of Nobiskrug , numerous valuable individual observations have been compiled in the literature mentioned. But the resolution of some contradictions and a consistent overall presentation is still pending. Nobis therefore appears partly as a poor sinner, as a pilgrim, partly as (hell) host and devil himself; The Nobiskrug appears in the pictorial tradition as a hell's throat, in more recent literature as a place of purification and in historical reality as a secluded, but mostly tidy, often publicly owned inn. The representation by Grohne still appears today as a low-contradiction overall representation.

places

Districts with the name "Nobiskrug" are located in:

guest houses

There are or were also inns with this name in or at:

  • 20359 Hamburg
  1. historical: mentioned in 1526, destroyed before 1624.
  2. current: The Nobiskrug in Hamburg since 1895 on the corner of "Am Nobisteich" and Lincolnstraße (Hamburg) , about 120 meters south of the former course of the Nobistor

  • Nobiskrug 2006

  • Nobiskrug in St. Pauli 2017

  • 23627 Groß Sarau am Ratzeburg Lake
  • 24768 Rendsburg - the name of the Nobiskrug shipyard is derived from the location.
  • 26427 Esens
  • 26441 Sandel (Jever)
  • 27809 Altenesch (" Nobiskuhle ")
  • 29410 Salzwedel
  • 31171 Groß-Escherde near Hildesheim
  • 38165 Lehr-Wendhausen (mentioned in 1569)
  • 48157 Handorf near Münster
  • 58332 Schwelm

Evidence and literature

  1. ↑ Lt. Rumpf is said to have documented the "Eiderstedter Nobiskrug near Witzhave" "around 1400". But there is no evidence. In addition, the place name 22969 Witzhave (in Stomarn) is obviously confused with that of 25889 Witzwort (Eiderstedt).
  2. ^ Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary , Vol. 13, 1885, Sp. 862–877
  3. ↑ Ernst Grohne: The Nobis pitchers , in: Low German Journal of Folklore 6, 1928, pp 192-221
  4. ↑ Willy Krogmann: From Nobiskratten to Nobiskrug. Migration and change of a word from Switzerland , in: Freundesgabe. Yearbook for the Society for the Promotion of the Fairytale Good of the European Peoples 1962/64, pp. 12–54
  5. ↑ Marianne Rumpf: Pictorial representations of Nobiskrug, of Hell and Purgatory , in: Rheinisch-Westfälische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde 40, 1995, pp. 107-138 (with a review of the previous literature)
  6. ↑ The works mentioned are treated by Hermann Tardel: Modern Nobiskrug-Dichtungen in: Niederdeutsche Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, Jg. 3, 1925, pp. 31–37
  7. ↑ Ernst Bloch: Vom Geist der Utopie , (new edition of the 2nd version from 1923), 1964, p. 17 ff.
  8. ^ Peter Huchel: Gesammelte Werke , Volume 2, 1984, pp. 127–177
  9. ^ Anton Aulke in the Lexicon of Westphalian Authors
  10. ↑ Compiled and illustrated at Rumpf (see note 5)
  11. ↑ to the meditations of Jordanus von Quedlinburg and Pseudo-Bonaventure
  12. ↑ (see Nobistor )
  13. ↑ Grohne, note 1: - Presentation of the area of ​​the Hamburger Berg: in which in June 1734 an inn was spoiled by the Altona mob .
  14. ↑ Peter Eggers: Die Nobiskrugt , Rendsburg 1980.
  15. ↑ Ludwig Strackerjan: Superstition and legends from the Duchy of Oldenburg. Volume 2, 1867, new edition edited by Michael Holzinger 2014, ISBN 978-1-4942-7103-9 , p. 709, also online
  16. ^ Yearbook of the Association for Low German Language Research 1941, p. 56
  17. ^ Anton Aulke: Die Sage vom Nobiskrug in: Westfälischer Heimatkalender 14, 1961, p. 64 f.
  18. ↑ Werner Dobelmann: The Nobiskrug at the free chair Kasewinkel , in: Westfälischer Heimatkalender 31, 1971, pp. 44-47.