Norepinephrine transporter
| Norepinephrine transporter | ||
|---|---|---|
| other names |
SLC6A2, NAT1, NET, NET1, SLC6A5, solute carrier family 6 member 2, norepinephrine transporter |
|
| Mass / length primary structure | 617 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name (s) | SLC6A2 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Orthologue | ||
| human | House mouse | |
| Entrez | 6530 | 20538 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000103546 | ENSMUSG00000055368 |
| UniProt | P23975 | O55192 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001043 | NM_009209 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_001034 | NP_033235 |
| Gene locus | Chr 16: 55.66 - 55.71 Mb | Chr 8: 92.96 - 93 Mb |
| PubMed search | 6530 |
20538
|
The noradrenaline transporter (NAT) is a protein in the cell membrane . It is in humans by the SLC6A2 - gene encoding, which in humans to chromosome is the sixteenth NAT is a monoamine - transporter responsible for the sodium (Na + / Cl - ) -dependent reuptake of extracellular noradrenaline (NA). The protein consists of 617 amino acids and 12 transmembrane domains .
Occurrence
The transporter is located along the cell body of the axons and dendrites of the neuron . You are outside of the synapse where norepinephrine is released. Norepinephrine transporters are restricted to the neurons of the sympathetic system and the neurons of the adrenal medulla , the lungs, and the placenta .
function
NAT transports synaptically released noradrenaline back into the presynaptic neuron. Up to 90% of the released noradrenaline is taken up again into the cell by NAT. The reuptake of norepinephrine is essential for regulating the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft .
The noradrenaline transporter is important as a target molecule for the therapeutic effect of many antidepressants . By blocking the transporter, the reuptake of noradrenaline is inhibited and the concentration of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft is increased. This increases the sympathetic tone (see NARI ). Norepinephrine is an important neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system and regulates essential functions including attention, memory, emotion and autonomic functions.
Furthermore, structurally similar transmitters, such as dopamine, are also transported by means of the transporter and thereby mediate the release of the actual transmitter. Increased levels of NAT have been linked to ADHD .
Psychostimulants
Amphetamine , methamphetamine and cocaine also initiate their action via transporters and, through the release of monoamines, cause the substance-typical effects (weakening the feeling of tiredness, increasing attention, suppressing appetite, etc.).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Susan G. Amara, Randy D. Blakely, Tadeusz Pacholczyk: Expression cloning of a cocaine and antidepressant-sensitive human noradrenaline transporter . In: Nature . tape 350 , no. 6316 , March 1991, ISSN 1476-4687 , p. 350–354 , doi : 10.1038 / 350350a0 ( nature.com [accessed January 30, 2019]).
- ↑ Sally Schroeter, Subbu Apparsundaram, Ronald G. Wiley, Leeann H. Miner, Susan R. Sesack, Randy D. Blakely: Immunolocalization of the cocaine‐ and antidepressant ‐ sensitive l ‐ norepinephrine transporter. In: Wiley Online Library. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, May 1, 2000, accessed January 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Gonzalo E. Torres, Raul R. Gainetdinov & Marc G. Caron: Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: structure, regulation and function. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, January 2003, accessed July 1, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Michael Freissmuth, Stefan Böhm: Pharmacology and Toxicology: From the Molecular Basics to Pharmacotherapy . Ed .: Stefan Offermanns. Springer-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 3-642-12354-6 .