Norberto Ceresole

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Norberto Rafael Ceresole (born August 1943 in Buenos Aires ; † May 4, 2003 ) was an Argentine sociologist , military advisor and political scientist who worked with various militant groups in Peru, Venezuela and Argentina. He was also a lifelong follower of Peronism .

His political companions included the Holocaust deniers Robert Faurisson and Roger Garaudy . Ceresole also referred to Ernst Nolte . He was also a close confidante and temporary advisor to the Venezuelan politician Hugo Chavez .

Career

Ceresole studied in Germany , France and Italy and was an advisor to General Juan Velasco Alvarado in Peru from 1969 to 1971 . In the 1970s, he belonged to the Montoneros - guerrillas of the ERP in Argentina . In 1977 he moved to Spain as a spokesman for exiled Peronists. He publicly campaigned for an alliance between Latin America and the Soviet Union , was accepted into the Soviet Latin American Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advocated corresponding activities by Salvador Allende and Manuel Piñeiro .

After 1987 he became an advisor to Aldo Rico and in 1994 founded the study center Centro de Estudios Argentina en el Mundo with Raúl de Sagastizabal and ex-military members of the Grupo Albatros and began to exchange ideas with the coup leader Mohamed Alí Seineldín. Seineldín had a group of Argentine military who led the Carapintadas against President Raúl Alfonsín . In this context, the first meetings with Hugo Chávez and his colleagues Luis Dávila and Manuel Quijada took place.

According to Stavans, the bombings of the Israeli embassy in 1992 and of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (AMIA) in Buenos Aires in 1994 , with over a hundred dead, had a major impact on Ceresole's ideological orientation. The Argentine government under Carlos Saúl Menem found the investigation more than difficult, individual media had researched a connection to Iran. Ceresole then insinuated that the Shin Bet was responsible for the attacks and that a domestic Jewish conspiracy wanted to direct suspicion to Iran. He stated this in an open letter and began to contact Iran. He eventually left the country on the advice of his lawyer and stayed temporarily in Iran and Lebanon. After a book about Hezbollah published in Spain, he began in 1996 and 1997 in several anti-Semitic publications to portray the Holocaust as a blackmailing vehicle of Judaism.

Role in Venezuela

In 1995, Ceresole was expelled from Venezuela by the DISIP under President Rafael Caldera because he had advised Hugo Chávez from 1994 and justified his attempted coup in 1992.

Ceresole returned to Venezuela in 1998 when Chávez was elected President. Ceresole responded to a letter to the editor from Pynchas Breners , the chief rabbi of the Unión Israelita, in El Naciona , in which he accused Chávez of demagoguery in the style of Hitler and Stalin two weeks after he took office, Ceresole responded with a letter in which he considered the rabbi and the Jewish community Zionist embassy in Chavez 'country and accused the moderate Chavez confidante José Vicente Rangel to have chosen the "Jewish option". Ceresole and the government came under increasing pressure from these and other statements. In 1999, José Vicente Rangel denied that Ceresole had any influence on the Chavez government. Ceresole eventually left the country under political pressure.

In 1999 Ceresole published a book in honor of Chávez entitled Caudillo , Ejército, Pueblo: la Venezuela del Comandante Chávez (1999). Chavez, in turn, praised Ceresole in his book Habla el Comandante . In his weekly video message Aló Presidente in 2006, Chávez spoke about his personal, friendly relationship with Ceresoles and the importance of his ideas.

After 1999, Ceresole became an advisor to Adolfo Rodríguez Saá and Aldo Rico. He died in Buenos Aires in 2003.

background

Ceresole was influenced throughout his life by Juan Domingo Perón , with whom he met personally in Madrid. In his writings he assigns the military in Latin America a key role in solving the problems of the region. He went so far as to attribute a positive effect on the collective self-image to military conflicts. For South America, he saw the classic caudillo , the combination of despotism and populism, not as an expression of deficit structures, but as an appropriate expression of South American political culture.

According to the publicist Ilan Stavans , Ceresole was a nationalist ideologue and warmonger who, throughout his life, followed a zigzag course between various right and left groups in Argentina, Peru, Venezuela and Spain. He sought the closeness to power, not ideological principles and supported strong men, caudillos, regardless of their worldview. His writings also contain hatred for liberal democracy , anti-Zionism and Holocaust denial .

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Notwithstanding this, he had a significant influence on various military and political actors in Latin America.

The book title, dedicated to Chavez under the motto "Caudillo Army People", sums up Ceresole's idea of ​​an authoritarian, literally "post-democratic" Peronism. In Chavez he saw a congenial character, whose leftist approaches he did not share, but who corresponded exactly to what he had hoped for.

Publications (excerpt)

Translations have been carried out in Russian and Persian, among others.

• Ejército y política nacionalista (1968)
• Crisis militar Argentina (1986)
• (Ed.). Perú: Sendero Luminoso, ejército y democracia . Madrid, Spain; Buenos-Aires, Argentina: Prensa y Ediciones Iberoamericanas; Instituto Latinoamericano de Cooperación Tecnológica y Relaciones Internacionales (1987)
• Política de producción para la defensa (1988)
• The South Atlantic: War Hypothesis, in Geopolitics of the Southern Cone and Antarctica (1988).
• Tecnología militar y estrategia nacional (1991)
• Materiales sobre economía de la defensa y política de la defensa (Buenos Aires, ILCTRI).
• Terrorismo fundamentalista judío, nuevos escenarios de conflictos (Libertarias, Madrid, 1996)
• El Nacional-judaísmo: un mesianismo post-sionista, con prólogo de Roger Garaudy (Libertarias, Madrid, 1997)
• España y los judíos, Expulsión, Inquisición, Holocausto, 1492-1997 (Amanecer, Madrid, 1997).
• La Falsificación de la Realidad (Libertarias, Madrid-Buenos Aires, 1998)
• La Conquista del Imperio Americano (Al-Andalus, Madrid-Buenos Aires, 1998)
• Caudillo, Ejército, Pueblo: la Venezuela del Comandante Chávez (1999)
• Tres ensayos geopolíticos (2001)
• La cuestión judía en la America del Sur (2003)

Web links

• Essays by and about Ceresole
• Biography on the Peronist website
• El Universal , Vida y Muerte de Ceresole obituary 2005
• "Venezuela del 04F-92 al 06D-98: habla el comandante Hugo Chávez Frías", ed. by Agustín Blanco Muñoz. UCV, Caracas 1998, ISBN 980-07-5374-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Hugo Chavez 'Advisor: The Anti-Semitic Path of Norberto Ceresole by Ilan Stavans on the blog of the newspaper Forward
2. ↑ Claudio Lomnitz and Rafael Sánchez, "United By Hate: The uses of anti-Semitism in Chávez's Venezuela," "Boston Review," July / August, 2009 Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Hugo Chavez 'Advisor: The Anti-Semitic Path of Norberto Ceresole , by Ilan Stavans, Forward
4. ↑ El Universal , March 3, 1999, CHÁVEZ NIEGA A CERESOLE COMO ASESOR ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Habla el Comandante (p. 382), El Universal , March 3, 1999, SÓLO AMIGOS ( Memento of the original of August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Aló Presidente N ° 255  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Venezuela Analítica - Otra exclusiva de Analitica.com: Ceresole visto por él mismo ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.