Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
| Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever | ||
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| FCI Standard No. 312 | ||
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| Origin : | ||
| Alternative names: |
Nova Scotia Retriever, Toller |
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| Withers height: |
Male 48–51 cm. |
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| Weight: |
Male 20–23 kg, |
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is an FCI recognized Canadian breed of dog ( FCI Group 8, Section 1, Standard No. 312 ).
The retriever breed, also known as Toller , is very intelligent, docile, has great endurance, and is a strong and capable swimmer. The breed name can be translated to English as New Scottish Duck Retriever . The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a talented and reliable retriever on water and on land.
Origin and history
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever has been recognized as a pedigree dog by the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) since 1945 . The duck-attracting retriever from Nova Scotia, the peninsula on the east coast of Canada, is the national dog of Nova Scotia . He is actually a highly specialized hunting dog that was bred to attract ducks, much like the decoy dogs in Holland and England, e.g. B. the Kooikerhondje , with whom this and similar forms of duck hunting were practiced, especially from the 17th to 19th centuries.
When tolling for ducks, the hunter lets the dog fetch from a hiding place with sticks on the bank. The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever reacts to the slightest movement and is very lively. The ducks notice the dog with the eye-catching color markings and the rushing movement, swim closer and watch him. As soon as they are within range, the dog is whistled, the ducks are shot and the dog retrieves them from the water.
Opinions differ about the ancestors of the breed. One theory is that the Kooikerhondje played an essential role and that the breed came to Canada via Holland and England and continued to develop there. Others argue that the Indians observed foxes attracting ducks and bred dogs that resemble the foxes in appearance and behavior. What is certain, however, is that as early as the middle of the 17th century, immigrants reported about foxes that "tolled" ducks on the bank and thus caught them. Accordingly, dogs began to be bred and trained.
Safe tracks go back to a wavy-coated retriever bitch by J. Allen from 1860, Newfoundland, which was mated to a forerunner of the Labrador Retriever , later added a Cocker Spaniel and perhaps an Irish Setter , because of the color. After the first breeder, the dogs were only named as Yarmouth Toller or Little River Duck Dog . That the breed was recognized by the CKC in 1950 is largely thanks to Colonel Coldwell. His interest in the breed began around 1920, and he acquired his first Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever in 1924. The breed was critically endangered as many animals died in a congestion epidemic between 1908 and 1912 . In his endeavors, he looked for dogs across the country. In a period of about 30 years he owned a total of 82 of them, from which he tried to form a breed. In 1945, 15 Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers were registered in the Kennel Club. In 1981 it was recognized by the FCI.
Avery Nickerson later had an extremely large influence on the breed with his Harbourlight Kennel. Even as a teenager he was a passionate hunter for waterfowl and pheasants. Through his breeding efforts, the hunting properties of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrieves were improved especially for upland hunting (e.g. pheasant hunting). Almost all of today's breed representatives have a Harbourlight dog listed somewhere in their pedigree.
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever first spread to Canada and the United States. The first dog came to Denmark in 1980, Sweden in 1984, and Finland in 1985. In 1988 he came to England. The first litter in Germany fell in 1996 in the German Retriever Club (DRC). Today, most Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers no longer live in Canada, but in Sweden.
use
Bred for duck hunting, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is now also used as a versatile family dog and as a sports dog in many disciplines.
description
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever was bred to fetch from icy waters; he must have a water-repellent double coat. It grows to 51 cm; the weight should be in relation to the size and bone structure of the dog. Guideline values are 20 to 23 kg for males and 17 to 20 kg for females. He has medium-length, soft hair with an even softer, dense undercoat in various shades of red or orange, with the feathering and the underside of the tail being lighter in color. The ears are triangular, medium-sized, set high and far back on the skull, but very slightly raised at the base.
Essence
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a dog that shows very pronounced play behavior. He likes to swim, retrieves well and is considered intelligent and very docile. The breed is characterized by high endurance and speed. Atypical for retrievers, he sometimes shows a clear herding instinct. The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a suitable breed for experienced dog handlers or beginners who are ready to deal with the breed and offer the dog an adequate environment with appropriate activity, for example with agility or dummy work .
Population Genetics and Crossing Attempts
According to some studies, the breed has a level of inbreeding of 26%, which means the dogs are more related to each other than full siblings. It has also been scientifically proven that the effective breeding population is 18. In order to broaden the genetic variability and to preserve the breed, crossbreeding of dogs of other breeds is necessary. The pure breeding of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is assessed in a report by the geneticist Irene Sommerfeld-Stur of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna as a violation of the Animal Welfare Act (torture breeding), as sick offspring must be expected due to the health and genetic situation. The Australian geneticist Claire Wade from the University of Sydney contradicts this and warns of the risks that crossbreeding would bring.
A crossbreeding project was approved by the VDH in January 2011 with certain conditions. The German Retriever Club, the Canadian Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club of Canada and the British Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club of UK expressed their opposition to the project.
Diseases
The Toller shows a predisposition for various autoimmune diseases, for example for SRMA , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLe) , Addison's disease or immune-related polyarthritis .
literature
- Gail MacMillan, Alison Strang: The Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever . Alpine Publications, Crawford (Colorado, USA) 1996, ISBN 978-0-931866-73-9 (English)
- Eva-Maria Krämer: The great cosmos of dog handlers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-10645-7
Web links
- Breed standard No. 312 of the FCI: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (PDF)
- German Retriever Club
- Austrian Retriever Club
- Retriever Club Switzerland
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of dog breeds . tape 2 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, 1993, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, p. 694 ff .
- ↑ Breed standard No. 312 of the FCI: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (PDF)
- ^ Nona Kilgore Bauer: Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever . Kennel Club Books, Allenhurst, NJ 2003, ISBN 1-59378-388-4 , pp. 18 .
- ↑ Martina Lenhardt: Fetching / dummy work - a meaningful occupation for our tollers . In: Our Toller . No. 1 , 2007, p. 12 .
- ↑ Katariina Mäki: Pedigree-based genetic diversity of worldwide Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and Lancashire Heeler dog populations . In: Journal Animal Breeding and Genetics . No. 127 (4) , 2010, pp. 318-326 , PMID 20646119 .
- ↑ Irene Sommerfeld-Stur: Statement on the immigration project of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Club Germany e. V. 2010 ( expert statements [PDF]).
- ↑ Irene Sommerfeld-Stur: Interpretation of Section 11b of the Animal Welfare Act . 2010 ( expert statements [PDF]).
- ^ Claire Wade: Statement by Claire Wade . 2010 ( tollerforum.com ).
- ↑ on the occasion of the recently broadcast “Stern TV”, which reported on the Toller, among other things, we would like to inform you about the statements made there - November 7, 2010
- ^ DRC: Statement of the DRC . 2010 ( drc.de [PDF; 186 kB ]).
- ↑ Krista Wendland: Statement by the Canadian Toller Club . 2011.
- ^ D. Harding: UK position . 2011 ( dewberrys.de [PDF; 292 kB ]).
- ↑ M. Wilbe et al: MHC class II polymorphism is associated with a canine SLE-related disease complex . In: Immunogenetics . 2009, p. 557-564 ( slu.se [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).