Nueva Vizcaya (Mexico)
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Nueva Vizcaya (German: New Bizkaia ) was from 1562 to 1821 a province in New Spain , the Spanish colonial empire in today's Mexico . It covered roughly the area of today's Mexican states of Chihuahua , Durango and parts of Coahuila .
Emergence
As part of the Conquista , Spanish troops under Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán conquered the west and north of today's Mexico from 1530. Guzmán founded Guadalajara (Mexico) ; the largely undeveloped area was initially named Nueva Galicia (German: New Galicia).
Francisco de Ibarra continued the conquest northwards; he followed the silver deposits in today's Zacatecas and in 1562 gave the newly conquered area the name Nueva Vizcaya in honor of his Basque homeland . The region was ruled by a governor, the administrative seat was Victoria de Durango ; the governor was under the administration and jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Guadalajara . The province was part of the viceroyalty of New Spain .
colonization
From Nueva Vizcaya, the Spanish conquest and settlement of New Mexico , Sonora and Sinaloa took place . The Spaniards relied primarily on mission settlements of religious communities such as the Jesuit order or the Franciscan order .
Bourbon reforms
From 1777 onwards, José de Gálvez y Gallardo completely renewed the Spanish colonial empire. The viceroyalty was to be divided into more manageable units, intendancias , and the administration to be decentralized.
Nueva Vizcaya was to be administratively and militarily separated from the Viceroyalty and led separately as the General Command of the Inner Provinces (Spanish: Comandancia General de las Provincias Internas ). As Head was Teodoro de Croix appointed. Since Nueva Vizcaya remained financially dependent on the rest of the viceroyalty, the separation never went as planned.
reorganization
In 1787 Spain set up its own directorship in Durango, and another followed in 1788 in Arizpe , Sonora. The division into two parts continued with the establishment of two command offices, which existed until 1804. Here a complete reorganization of the viceroyalty took place in districts, the commanders general reported directly to the viceroy.
independence
In the Mexican War of Independence , Nueva Vizcaya was fought over. In addition, the Indian peoples used the collapse of the Spanish tribute and control system to dare to rebel against the Europeans.
After achieving Mexican independence, Nueva Vizcaya initially remained a separate province of Mexico, but in 1824 it was divided into the states of Chihuahua and Durango.
swell
- Short description in the Handbook of Texas (English)
- History of origin (Spanish)
- Erik Velásquez García u. a. (Ed.): Nueva historia general de México . El Colegio de México, Mexico City 2010, ISBN 978-6-07462179-2 (Spanish, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed February 16, 2016]).
- Oakah L. Jones: Nueva Vizcaya: Heartland of the Spanish Frontier . University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM, USA 1988, ISBN 978-0-8263-1075-0 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed February 16, 2016]).