Observatoire cuirassé

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Armored observation dome-Observatoire cuirassé

As Observatoires cuirassés (or Cloche observatoire ) the armored observation posts were called, which were first installed in France in the forts of the Séré de Rivières of the Barrière de fer . The task of the domes was to observe the enemy and also to control the fire of one's own artillery, while protecting the observer from shrapnel and other projectiles (e.g. rifle or shrapnel bullets ).

description

Observatoires cuirassés were posted at the highest points of the respective fortifications or at other points from which one had the required view.

The bell was made of 25 centimeters thick steel with a height of 2 meters and a weight of 7.5 tons. Nestled she was 3/4 in a fountain from steel and stamped concrete with a wall thickness of 1.5 meters. There were three viewing slits with which a field of vision of a maximum of 240 ° could be covered. A wooden seat was available for the observer. Access was usually underground from inside the fort (more rarely directly from the outside) through a corridor and a shaft with an iron ladder. At the head of the ladder there was a platform that could be adjusted in height to suit the size of the observer. The floor of the platform was suspended on wire ropes and could be lowered from these in order to be able to rescue any injured or dead people.

There was one version with an inner diameter of 80 cm and another with an inner diameter of one meter, although this was only manufactured in small numbers and / or partially not supplied.

Observation instruments

  • A goniometer that could be attached to a bronze holder under each viewing slit.
  • A panorama board or panorama map on a scale of 1: 20,000 for the determination of prominent points when targeting
  • A lamp for night use
  • An information table with the azimuths and the relevant prominent points

List of built-in observation domes with a diameter of 80 cm

Serial no. space Away completion Whereabouts
1 to 5 Luneville Fort de Manonviller June 20, 1893 No. 4 and 5 destroyed in 1914
6 to 8 Nancy Battery d'Eperon June 20, 1893 still on site
9 to 12 Nancy Fort de Pont Saint Vincent October 20, 1894 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
13 to 15 Fixed place Épinal Fort d'Arches November 25, 1895 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
16 and 17 Fixed place in Verdun Fort d'Haudainville September 1, 1900 still on site
18 and 19 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Douaumont April 11, 1901 still on site
20th Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Dugny April 11, 1901 still on site
21 and 22 Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de Froideterre April 11, 1901 still on site
25th Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de Thiaumont April 11, 1901 Destroyed in 1916
26th Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de Charny April 11, 1901 Whereabouts unknown
27 Fixed place in Toul Ouvrage de la Cloche April 11, 1901 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
28 Fixed place in Toul Battery Nord de Villey le Sec June 12, 1902 still on site
29 and 30 Fixed place in Toul Redan de Villey le Sec June 12, 1902 still on site
32 and 33 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Lucey June 12, 1902 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
34 Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de la Lauffée June 12, 1902 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
35 Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de Déramé June 12, 1902 still on site
36 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Vaux June 12, 1902 Destroyed in 1916
37 Fixed place in Verdun Fort des Sartelles June 12, 1902 still on site
38 and 39 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Vaux September 21, 1904 Destroyed in 1916
40 and 41 Brest (Finistère) Fort St. Michel Îlle d'Ouessant September 21, 1904 still on site
42 and 44 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Landrecourt September 21, 1904 still on site
45 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Bruley September 21, 1904 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
46 to 48 Fixed place in Toul Reduit de Villey le Sec September 21, 1904 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
49 and 50 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Bois Bourrus September 21, 1904 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
51 and 52 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Lucey September 21, 1904 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
53 Fixed place in Toul Battery Nord Villy le Sec June 14, 1905 still on site
54 to 56 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Gondreville June 14, 1905 still on site
59 Hauts Meuse Fort de Liouville June 14, 1905 still on site
60 and 61 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Trondes June 14, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
62 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Marre June 14, 1905 Destroyed by the US Army in 1944
63 to 65 Fixed place in Verdun Ouvrage de la Falouse June 14, 1905 still on site
66 and 67 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Domgermain June 14, 1905 still on site
68 Fixed place in Toul Ovrage de Domgermain September 1, 1905 still on site
69 and 70 Fixed place in Toul Ovrage you Mordant September 1, 1905 still on site
71 to 73 Fixed place in Toul Fort du Vieux Canton September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
74 Fixed place in Toul Ouvrage de Francheville September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
75 and 76 Belfort fixed place Ouvrage des Fougerais September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
77 to 79 Fixed place in Toul Away you Chanot September 1, 1905 still on site
80 and 81 Fixed place in Toul Fort d'Ecrouves September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
82 Belfort fixed place Battery cuirassée Fort de Roppe September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
83 to 85 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Choisel September 1, 1905 Destroyed by the US Army in 1945
86 and 87 Belfort fixed place Fort de Bessoncourt September 1, 1905 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
88 Belfort fixed place Fort de Bessoncourt May 21, 1906 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
89 to 92 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Moulainville May 21, 1906 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
93 and 94 Dunkirk fixed place Ouvrage de la Petite-Synthe May 22, 1906 still on site
95 to 98 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Regret May 22 or 23, 1906 still on site
99 and 100 Hauts Meuse Fort de Lionville May 23, 1906 still on site
101 and 102 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Deyvillers May 23, 1906 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
103 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Deyvillers February 15, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
104 to 107 Nancy Fort de Frouard February 15, 1907 still on site
108 and 109 Fixed place in Verdun Away you Rozelier February 16, 1907 still on site
110 and 111 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Douaumont September 1, 1905 still on site
112 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Lucey February 16, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
113 and 114 Belfort fixed place Fort de Roppe February 18, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
115 to 117 Fixed place Épinal Fort of Adelphes February 18, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
118 Nancy Fort Pont St. Vincent August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
119 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Chana August 28, 1907 still on site
120 to 122 Belfort fixed place Fort you Haut Bois August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
123, 124, 130, 131 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Longchamp August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
125 and 126 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Dogneville August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
127 and 129 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Lucey August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
132 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Blénod August 28, 1907 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
133 and 136 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Blénod January 15, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
134, 135, 137, 138 Belfort fixed place Fort du Bois d'Oye January 15, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
139 to 141 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Longchamp January 15, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
142 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Tillot January 15, 1909 still on site
143 and 144 Belfort fixed place Fort du Vézélois January 15, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
145 to 147 Belfort fixed place Ouvrage de Chèvremont January 15, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
148 Nancy Fort de Frouard December 28, 1909 still on site
149 and 150 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Tillot December 28, 1909 still on site
151 Fixed place Épinal Fort d'Uxegney December 28, 1909 still on site
152 to 155 Fixed place in Toul Fort de Manonviller December 28th Destroyed by the Germans in 1914
156 and 157 Belfort fixed place Ouvrage de Meroux December 28, 1909 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943

List of built or planned observation domes with a diameter of 100 cm

Serial no. space Away completion Whereabouts
158 Belfort fixed place Abri de combat de Bessoncourt July 27, 1912 before places
159 Fixed place in Toul Ouvrage Est du Vieux Canton July 27, 1912 still on site
160 and 161 Fixed place Épinal Fort Uxegney July 27, 1912 still on site
162 Cap St. Jaques Ouvrage Baria July 27, 1912 still on site
163 Fixed place Maubeuge Fort d'Haumont July 27, 1912 Destroyed in 1914
164 Fixed place Maubeuge Away from the start July 27, 1912 Destroyed in 1914
165 Fixed place Maubeuge Fort de Cerfontain July 27, 1912 Destroyed in 1914
166 Fixed place Maubeuge Fort de Boussois July 27, 1912 Destroyed in 1914
167 to 170 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Vacherauville July 27, 1912 Scrapped by the Germans in 1943
171 and 172 Fixed place Épinal Fort de Longchamp July 27, 1912 1 copy scrapped by the Germans in 1943, the 2nd copy used in the Maginot Line after the war
173 Fixed place in Toul Fort Villey le Sec October 30, 1913 still on site
174 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Douaumont October 30, 1913 still on site
175 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Bois Bourrus not built in (after Fort de Tavannes)
176 Fixed place Maubeuge Fort Leveau October 30, 1913 still on site
177 Bourg St. Maurice Battery de Vulmix not installed (after Fort de Troyon)
178 and 179 Belfort fixed place Fort du Mont Vaudois not installed (1 copy to Fort de Souville)
180 Fixed place Maubeuge Fort du Bourdiau not made
181 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Douaumont not made
175 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Tavannes 1917 still on site
177 Hauts de Meuse Fort de Troyon 1917 ?
178 or 179 Fixed place in Verdun Fort de Souville 1917 still on site

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Armored observation dome
  2. observation bell
  3. ^ Blast attempts
  4. The consecutive number of the domes of the "1 m category" cannot be determined with certainty.

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