Observatoire cuirassé
As Observatoires cuirassés (or Cloche observatoire ) the armored observation posts were called, which were first installed in France in the forts of the Séré de Rivières of the Barrière de fer . The task of the domes was to observe the enemy and also to control the fire of one's own artillery, while protecting the observer from shrapnel and other projectiles (e.g. rifle or shrapnel bullets ).
description
Observatoires cuirassés were posted at the highest points of the respective fortifications or at other points from which one had the required view.
The bell was made of 25 centimeters thick steel with a height of 2 meters and a weight of 7.5 tons. Nestled she was 3/4 in a fountain from steel and stamped concrete with a wall thickness of 1.5 meters. There were three viewing slits with which a field of vision of a maximum of 240 ° could be covered. A wooden seat was available for the observer. Access was usually underground from inside the fort (more rarely directly from the outside) through a corridor and a shaft with an iron ladder. At the head of the ladder there was a platform that could be adjusted in height to suit the size of the observer. The floor of the platform was suspended on wire ropes and could be lowered from these in order to be able to rescue any injured or dead people.
There was one version with an inner diameter of 80 cm and another with an inner diameter of one meter, although this was only manufactured in small numbers and / or partially not supplied.
Observation instruments
- A goniometer that could be attached to a bronze holder under each viewing slit.
- A panorama board or panorama map on a scale of 1: 20,000 for the determination of prominent points when targeting
- A lamp for night use
- An information table with the azimuths and the relevant prominent points
List of built-in observation domes with a diameter of 80 cm
Serial no. | space | Away | completion | Whereabouts |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 5 | Luneville | Fort de Manonviller | June 20, 1893 | No. 4 and 5 destroyed in 1914 |
6 to 8 | Nancy | Battery d'Eperon | June 20, 1893 | still on site |
9 to 12 | Nancy | Fort de Pont Saint Vincent | October 20, 1894 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
13 to 15 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort d'Arches | November 25, 1895 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
16 and 17 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort d'Haudainville | September 1, 1900 | still on site |
18 and 19 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Douaumont | April 11, 1901 | still on site |
20th | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Dugny | April 11, 1901 | still on site |
21 and 22 | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de Froideterre | April 11, 1901 | still on site |
25th | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de Thiaumont | April 11, 1901 | Destroyed in 1916 |
26th | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de Charny | April 11, 1901 | Whereabouts unknown |
27 | Fixed place in Toul | Ouvrage de la Cloche | April 11, 1901 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
28 | Fixed place in Toul | Battery Nord de Villey le Sec | June 12, 1902 | still on site |
29 and 30 | Fixed place in Toul | Redan de Villey le Sec | June 12, 1902 | still on site |
32 and 33 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Lucey | June 12, 1902 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
34 | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de la Lauffée | June 12, 1902 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
35 | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de Déramé | June 12, 1902 | still on site |
36 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Vaux | June 12, 1902 | Destroyed in 1916 |
37 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort des Sartelles | June 12, 1902 | still on site |
38 and 39 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Vaux | September 21, 1904 | Destroyed in 1916 |
40 and 41 | Brest (Finistère) | Fort St. Michel Îlle d'Ouessant | September 21, 1904 | still on site |
42 and 44 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Landrecourt | September 21, 1904 | still on site |
45 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Bruley | September 21, 1904 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
46 to 48 | Fixed place in Toul | Reduit de Villey le Sec | September 21, 1904 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
49 and 50 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Bois Bourrus | September 21, 1904 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
51 and 52 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Lucey | September 21, 1904 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
53 | Fixed place in Toul | Battery Nord Villy le Sec | June 14, 1905 | still on site |
54 to 56 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Gondreville | June 14, 1905 | still on site |
59 | Hauts Meuse | Fort de Liouville | June 14, 1905 | still on site |
60 and 61 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Trondes | June 14, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
62 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Marre | June 14, 1905 | Destroyed by the US Army in 1944 |
63 to 65 | Fixed place in Verdun | Ouvrage de la Falouse | June 14, 1905 | still on site |
66 and 67 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Domgermain | June 14, 1905 | still on site |
68 | Fixed place in Toul | Ovrage de Domgermain | September 1, 1905 | still on site |
69 and 70 | Fixed place in Toul | Ovrage you Mordant | September 1, 1905 | still on site |
71 to 73 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort du Vieux Canton | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
74 | Fixed place in Toul | Ouvrage de Francheville | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
75 and 76 | Belfort fixed place | Ouvrage des Fougerais | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
77 to 79 | Fixed place in Toul | Away you Chanot | September 1, 1905 | still on site |
80 and 81 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort d'Ecrouves | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
82 | Belfort fixed place | Battery cuirassée Fort de Roppe | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
83 to 85 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Choisel | September 1, 1905 | Destroyed by the US Army in 1945 |
86 and 87 | Belfort fixed place | Fort de Bessoncourt | September 1, 1905 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
88 | Belfort fixed place | Fort de Bessoncourt | May 21, 1906 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
89 to 92 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Moulainville | May 21, 1906 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
93 and 94 | Dunkirk fixed place | Ouvrage de la Petite-Synthe | May 22, 1906 | still on site |
95 to 98 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Regret | May 22 or 23, 1906 | still on site |
99 and 100 | Hauts Meuse | Fort de Lionville | May 23, 1906 | still on site |
101 and 102 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Deyvillers | May 23, 1906 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
103 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Deyvillers | February 15, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
104 to 107 | Nancy | Fort de Frouard | February 15, 1907 | still on site |
108 and 109 | Fixed place in Verdun | Away you Rozelier | February 16, 1907 | still on site |
110 and 111 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Douaumont | September 1, 1905 | still on site |
112 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Lucey | February 16, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
113 and 114 | Belfort fixed place | Fort de Roppe | February 18, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
115 to 117 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort of Adelphes | February 18, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
118 | Nancy | Fort Pont St. Vincent | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
119 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Chana | August 28, 1907 | still on site |
120 to 122 | Belfort fixed place | Fort you Haut Bois | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
123, 124, 130, 131 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Longchamp | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
125 and 126 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Dogneville | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
127 and 129 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Lucey | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
132 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Blénod | August 28, 1907 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
133 and 136 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Blénod | January 15, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
134, 135, 137, 138 | Belfort fixed place | Fort du Bois d'Oye | January 15, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
139 to 141 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Longchamp | January 15, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
142 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Tillot | January 15, 1909 | still on site |
143 and 144 | Belfort fixed place | Fort du Vézélois | January 15, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
145 to 147 | Belfort fixed place | Ouvrage de Chèvremont | January 15, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
148 | Nancy | Fort de Frouard | December 28, 1909 | still on site |
149 and 150 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Tillot | December 28, 1909 | still on site |
151 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort d'Uxegney | December 28, 1909 | still on site |
152 to 155 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort de Manonviller | December 28th | Destroyed by the Germans in 1914 |
156 and 157 | Belfort fixed place | Ouvrage de Meroux | December 28, 1909 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
List of built or planned observation domes with a diameter of 100 cm
Serial no. | space | Away | completion | Whereabouts |
---|---|---|---|---|
158 | Belfort fixed place | Abri de combat de Bessoncourt | July 27, 1912 | before places |
159 | Fixed place in Toul | Ouvrage Est du Vieux Canton | July 27, 1912 | still on site |
160 and 161 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort Uxegney | July 27, 1912 | still on site |
162 | Cap St. Jaques | Ouvrage Baria | July 27, 1912 | still on site |
163 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Fort d'Haumont | July 27, 1912 | Destroyed in 1914 |
164 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Away from the start | July 27, 1912 | Destroyed in 1914 |
165 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Fort de Cerfontain | July 27, 1912 | Destroyed in 1914 |
166 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Fort de Boussois | July 27, 1912 | Destroyed in 1914 |
167 to 170 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Vacherauville | July 27, 1912 | Scrapped by the Germans in 1943 |
171 and 172 | Fixed place Épinal | Fort de Longchamp | July 27, 1912 | 1 copy scrapped by the Germans in 1943, the 2nd copy used in the Maginot Line after the war |
173 | Fixed place in Toul | Fort Villey le Sec | October 30, 1913 | still on site |
174 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Douaumont | October 30, 1913 | still on site |
175 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Bois Bourrus | not built in (after Fort de Tavannes) | |
176 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Fort Leveau | October 30, 1913 | still on site |
177 | Bourg St. Maurice | Battery de Vulmix | not installed (after Fort de Troyon) | |
178 and 179 | Belfort fixed place | Fort du Mont Vaudois | not installed (1 copy to Fort de Souville) | |
180 | Fixed place Maubeuge | Fort du Bourdiau | not made | |
181 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Douaumont | not made | |
175 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Tavannes | 1917 | still on site |
177 | Hauts de Meuse | Fort de Troyon | 1917 | ? |
178 or 179 | Fixed place in Verdun | Fort de Souville | 1917 | still on site |
Footnotes
- ↑ Armored observation dome
- ↑ observation bell
- ^ Blast attempts
- ↑ The consecutive number of the domes of the "1 m category" cannot be determined with certainty.