Fixed place Épinal

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Plan of the fixed place Épinal in 1914

The Feste Platz Épinal (French: Place forte d'Épinal or Place fortifiée d'Épinal ) was an eastern French belt fortress in the Vosges department with the town of Épinal in the center. It was in the first line of the Système Séré de Rivières as well as the Festive Place Verdun , the Festive Place Toul and the Festive Place Belfort . Among other things, the south should be controlled by the Trouée de Charmes . (The Trouée de Charmes was a gap between Toul and Épinal that was intentionally left open in the Barrière de fer. It was hoped that a German attack would be restricted to this gap so that the attackers could be fought in a concentrated manner.) Da Épinal, not like the others Fixed places ( Toul , Verdun and Belfort ), which had previously been a fortress town and therefore had no citadel or similar, the inner area was called "Noyau central" (central core).

description

Built from 1874 onwards, this defensive structure with its forts , ouvrages , concreted gun posts and infantry bases (Ouvrages d'infanterie) encompassed the city over a large area. The "Feste Platz" was part of the "Séré de Rivières" defense system, which was built as a result of the lost Franco-German War and the associated shifting of the border to the west. The system was intended to protect France from a German invasion . Most of the fortifications were abandoned or downgraded after the end of the First World War .

Since Épinal was not directly involved in the war (the fighting in World War II was rather secondary), most of the damage to the fortifications was caused by decay or deliberate destruction.

history

In 1876 four fortifications were completed, which belonged to the locking position of the upper Moselle (Rideau défensif de Haute Moselle). It was the forts de Mouche , de Razemont , de Dogneville and de Longchamp . They were arranged on the right side of the Moselle and thus formed a kind of bridgehead . Defending the city itself was not an issue at the time.

It was not until May 15, 1878 that it was decided to turn Épinal into a "permanent place". There were barracks built and the fort de Girancourt , de Roulon and de Bambois built on the left bank of the Moselle. However, the forts as a whole were too far apart to provide effective defense of the city. For this reason, four supplementary works were added between 1881 and 1885, the Forts d'Uxegney , de Bois l'Abbé , de la Grande Haye and les Adelphes , plus four small forts - also called Réduits - de Sandey , de la Voivre , les Friches and le Thiéha , built with the associated gun emplacements.

In the mid-1880s, the artillery situation began to change dramatically. The introduction of explosive grenades , shrapnel , smokeless powder, melinite and cordite increased the penetration power of the projectiles and created a completely new situation for the stone-walled fortifications, the construction of which had just been completed. They had become almost unusable overnight, the service of the guns that were still in the open became a suicide squad, and the stone vaults covered by the earth could no longer withstand it.

In order to counter this danger, known in France as the Crise de l'obus-torpille , a ministerial order of July 22, 1887 decreed that the guns should be withdrawn from the forts (if they were in the open) and concentrated in 70 interval batteries. These were built between the forts at strategically important places. Ammunition and powder were stored in 17 underground magazines. The problem of transporting ammunition from the two central artillery parks (ammunition depots), the Arsenal de la Madeleine and the Arsenal de la Camenelle , to the gun emplacements was solved by building a narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 600 mm. Most of the fortifications were connected to this network. The infantry defense was to be secured by 33 continuous infantry bases, Ouvrages d'infanterie , by trenches and barbed wire barriers.

From 1890 the scarce inflow of funds was used to carry out reinforcement work in seven forts. The forts de Girancourt , de la Grande Haye , de Dogneville , de Longchamp , d'Uxegney , les Adelphes and d'Arches were equipped with accommodation blocks made of reinforced concrete , among other things .

The southern section was covered from 1889 by the construction of the Réduit du Bois d'Arches , which had been built as an infantry work. In 1897 it was transferred from its previous affiliation to the "Rideau défensif de Haute Moselle" as the 16th work in an advanced position after the place Épinal. It was the first building in a modern design.

From 1899 Épinal was promoted to the 5th place of "great importance" after Verdun, Toul, Belfort and Maubeuge and new funds were approved. 19 new infantry fighting positions were built, and the line of defense advanced in 1906 with the construction of the small fortifications Réduit de la Voivre and Ouvrage de Deyviller . Modernization measures were carried out at the forts Bois d'Arches , Longchamps , Dogneville , Adelphes and Uxegney , which were reinforced by concrete reinforcements. Furthermore, the installation of electricity works ( generators powered by petroleum engines or steam engines ) and thus the possibility of electrical lighting of the works took place. The ventilation has been improved and some redoubts and batteries have also been better protected.

A balloon park , a carrier pigeon station with 658 carrier pigeons , looked after by three guards, was built as early as 1885 . In 1908 a telegraph station was set up on the Louvroie plateau and an airship station in 1910 . In 1913 a field airport was established in Dogneville . For this purpose, six anti-balloon batteries were turned off.

In 1914 615 guns were available here. Even if the place was classified as less important than Verdun, Toul or Belfort, there were only 9 forts, 17 more facilities were in the planning or already under construction - the forts in Cheniménil , Girmont and Virine were also to be built, however, the work was stopped at the beginning of the war.

After the start of the war

During the mobilization , Épinal took on its role as the main location for the troop movements that were relocated to Luneville and Saint-Dié-des-Vosges when the conflict began . In one day there were 60,349 soldiers in the city. According to Article 40 of the defense plan of April 1, 1914, the fortress garrison consisted of 14,556 soldiers with 4,841 horses and 670 wagons or motor vehicles. There were two hospitals , the Hôpital de Golby with 550 beds and the Hôpital de Saint Maurice with 500 beds. A mill (under military administration) and a bakery with 14 ovens, each of which could deliver 300 portions of bread a day , provided food . There was a cold store to preserve the meat supplies . There was also a food store, two feed stores and an equipment store.

After it had become unlikely that the Germans would advance to Épinal, all further work on the fortifications was stopped on August 5, 1915, and guns and ammunition stores were relocated to the front. All that remained was a few old siege guns, the cannons in the armored turrets and those in the trench defenses. The ouvrages were only intended as barracks when necessary and were only guarded by a few men. There were black powder stocks in all of them, as they wanted to blow up the facilities in the event of a German advance. The narrow-gauge railway tracks were preserved on the right bank of the Moselle, but on the left bank of the Moselle they were dismantled except for the connection to the Forts du Bois d'Arches , d'Uxegney , Bois l'Abbé and the Magasin d'Olima .

In the Battle of Verdun , valuable knowledge was gained about the resilience of the fortifications involved. It was therefore immediately to reactivate the more modern forts. They were manned by machine gun units, the existing casemates de Bourges were equipped with field guns of the Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 type, the entrances to the plants were blocked off with sandbag barriers and secured with machine guns. The batteries on the right bank of the river were equipped with cannons of the Canon de 155 mm L modèle 1877 , Canon de 120 mm L modèle 1878 and Canon Lahitolle de 95 mm .

During the war, Épinal was attacked by airships only a few times, and German planes rarely got lost over the city. However, it remained in a state of war until the peace treaty on November 11, 1918.

Second World War

The "Feste Platz Épinal" was included in the second line of the Maginot Line . The fortifications were no longer worth much. Most forts and ouvrages were unarmed and used as ammunition depots or barracks.

On June 17, the Germans appeared in the southeast of Épinal. They only attacked the forts on the right bank of the Moselle. The Fort d'Arches could not open fire because the armored turret was not operational due to lack of maintenance. The ouvrages were completely unarmed. The Fort de Dogneville were 60 years after its completion, the first shots and directed the fire of Fort de Longchamp . Both installations were fired at by German artillery without great emphasis, and for this reason the success could only be described as moderate. The fighting ended four days later with the cessation of hostilities in the western campaign .

In 1943 the Todt Organization began to remove the steel armor and iron parts as well as the iron picket fences from the forts and to scrap them. Only Fort d'Uxegney was completely spared.

Barracks

Quartier Reyffe (artillery barracks)

Seven barracks were built in Épinal to accommodate the garrison:

  • "Quartier Bonard"
Cavalry barracks, built in 1881 on the Plateau de Virge. Today barracks of one he régiment de tirailleurs of the Armored Cavalry Branch (Rue du 11 ème Génie)
  • "Caserne Dosner" (also called "Caserne de la Virge")
Infantry barracks, neighboring barracks of the “Quartier Bonard”, built in 1882. From August 18, 1951 to May 25, 1997 barracks of the “18 e régiment de transmissions” (18th telecommunications regiment), today used for civilian purposes.
  • "Barracks Schneider"
Infantry and artillery barracks, built in 1885 on the Épinal – Nancy railway line. Used civilly today.
  • "Caserne Contades"
Infantry barracks, the oldest barracks in the city, built in the center in 1757, renovated in 1885. Canceled in 1925.
  • "Quartier Reyffe"
Artillery barracks for parts of the "8 e régiment d'artillerie à pied", built in 1885. Today civil use.
  • "Caserne Courcy"
Infantry barracks, built in 1895 for the "149 e régiment d'infanterie". Canceled.
  • "Caserne Haxo"
Infantry barracks in Golbey for the 170 e régiment d'infanterie . Partly demolished and built over by an industrial zone. The rest had been used as "Quartier Haxo" by the "1 er régiment de tirailleurs". Has been empty since 2005 and expires.

The main fortifications

The names of the fortifications were fixed, but there was a wide range of construction types.

  • The forts were the cornerstones of defense.
  • The ouvrages were intermediate works that had been built where the spatial distance between the forts was too great to be able to support each other effectively. The design and armament could vary considerably.
  • The Ouvrages d'infanterie (sometimes also referred to as Redouten) were small detached works without artillery armament. Equipped with a kitchen, common rooms with a few beds, a latrine, food depot, two machine gun casemates on the flanks, an armored observation tower and a parapet around the courtyard, they were able to act as a bulwark for all-round defense. The crew had about pull strength.
  • The abris de combat consisted of concrete accommodations with a kitchen, common rooms (mostly two), with some sleeping places and a latrine. They were only intended as shelters and only intended for infantry defense in an emergency. As the battle for Verdun had shown, these shelters were capable of more. Some of them had turned into massive barriers that were doggedly defended. The older ones were made of masonry with a concrete ceiling, the newer ones made entirely of concrete.
  • With Réduit small forts were (sometimes referred to for convenience "battery") referred to as a core material were surrounding for them artillery positions. They were usually surrounded by a trench equipped with capons , but apart from these trench guardians, they had no stationary armament.
  • The artillery batteries were equipped differently. There were those with wall and ditch in the form of a flesche or lunette or those that consisted only of an approximately 2 meter high parapet and trusses , e.g. B. the battery M41 Nord de Girancourt .
  • Annex batteries were the name of the artillery positions that were built in the immediate vicinity of forts or ouvrages, on the one hand for strategic reasons, and also to cover any dead spaces.
I. II. III. IV.
  • Ouvrages d'infanterie (OI) / Redouten
  1. OI du Bois de la Vigne
  2. OI de la Boucherante
  3. OI de Prévoisse-A
  4. OI de Vorpaille-B
  5. OI Ste Barbe-C
  6. OI de Cumay-D
  7. OI de Chaumousey
  8. OI de Sanchey
  9. OI de la Seurie
  10. OI de la Justice
  11. OI de Thiéha
  12. OI de Laufremont
  13. Redoute de Cumay
  14. Redoute de Conefosse
  15. Redoute de la Viragoutte
  16. Redoute de Naymont
  17. Redoubt Nord du Roulon
  18. Redoute n ° 10 de la Big Poichotte
  19. Redoubt n ° 9 de Renaubier
  20. Redoute n ° 8 Nord de Girancourt
  21. Redoute n ° 8 Sud de Girancourt
  22. Redoute de Chantraine
  • Abris de Combat (AC)
  1. AC des Adelphes
  2. AC de Bois de Sots
  3. AC de Bousey
  4. AC de Cumay
  5. AC de Deyvillers
  6. AC de Dogneville
  7. AC Haye du Boyen
  8. AC Haye you pin
  9. AC de Longchamp north
  10. AC de Longchamp sud
  11. AC Malgré-moi
  12. AC de Prévoisse
  13. AC de Saint Adrien
  14. AC Sainte Barbe
  15. AC Saint Limon
  16. AC du Saint Ogre
  17. AC de la Seurie
  18. AC de Sanchey north
  19. AC d'Uxegney north
  20. AC d'Uxegney sud
  21. AC de Vorpaille
  • Forts, Ouvrages & Réduits
  1. Fort de Dogneville
  2. Fort de Longchamp
  3. Fort of Adelphes
  4. Fort de Razimont
  5. Fort de la Mouche
  6. Fort d'Arches
  7. Away you Bambois
  8. Fort you Roulon
  9. Fort de Girancourt
  10. Fort d'Uxegney
  11. Fort Bois l'Abbé
  12. Fort de la Grand Haye
  13. Ouvrage de Deyvillers
  14. Réduit de Bois d'Arches
  15. Réduit de Friches
  16. Réduit de Sanchey
  17. Réduit de Voivre
  18. Réduit de Thiéha

Magazines & Depots

  1. Intermédiaire de Dogneville
  2. Department of Intermédiaire de Saint-Limon
  3. Magasin de Longchamp
  4. Dépôt intermédiaire des Carrières
  5. Magasin de secteur de l'Etang de Bult
  6. Dépôt intermédiaire de Chaumosey
  7. Magasin de la Cense-Billot
  8. Magasin de Saint Antoine
  9. Magasin central de Bois de Duc
  10. Magasin central de Beau Désir
  11. Magasin de secteur du Haut d'Olima
  12. Magasin central de Chantraine
  13. Magasin de secteur de la Louvroie
  14. Magasin de Golbey
  15. Dépôt intermédiaire Beau-site
  16. Magasin de secteur du Saut-le-Clervaux
  17. Magasin de secteur de Vierge
  18. Poudrière de Tunnel de Thiéha

  • Entrance to the Réduit de Sanchey

  • Oven in the Fort d'Arches

  • Kitchen in the Fort d'Uxegney

  • Well with pump in Fort Bois l'Abbé

Workforce

According to the regulation of 1909 for the "Noyau central"

Governor's staff: 10 officers, 17 men, 17 horses
Artillery staff: 30 officers, 7 men, 30 horses
Engineer staff: 23 officers, 29 men, 20 horses
  • Headquarters: 3 officers, 4 men, 7 horses
  • Management of the directorate : 16 officers, 8 men, 10 horses, 3 carriages
  • Medical Service Directorate: 9 officers, 1 man, 2 horses
  • Clergy: 7 officers
  • Gendarmerie : 2 officers, 30 men, 12 horses
  • infantry
9 officers, 117 men, 101 horses of the "170 e régiment d'infanterie" (170 e RI)
40 officers, 2080 men, 14 horses, 2 wagons in the depot of the "170 e RI"
20 officers, 1040 men, 8 horses, 4 carriages in the depot of the "149 e RI"
12 officers, 750 men, 3 horses, in the depot of the "43 e régiment d'infanterie territoriale" ("43 e RIT")
  • artillery
6 officers, 420 men, 4 horses of the "8 e régiment d'artillerie à pied" (8 e RAP)
9 officers, 345 men, 3 horses in the depot of the "8 e RAP"
4 officers, 300 men, 3 horses of the artillery workers company
4 officers, 200 men, 332 horses of the 1st section of the artillery park
15 officers, 1260 men, 4 horses of the Groupe territoriale des "8 e RAP"
  • Other forces
2 officers, 640 men
  • Guarding communications
6 officers, 2,720 men
  • Pioneers
30 officers, 122 men, 2 horses of the "11 e régiment du génie" (11 e RG)
5 officers, 360 men, 70 horses of the depot company of the 21st Pioneer Park Battalion
5 officers, 360 men, 70 horses of the depot company of the 27th Pioneer Park Battalion
4 officers, 360 men, 60 horses of the 30th pioneer driver depot company
10 pigeon keepers
4 officers, 200 men of the 21st Territorial Engineer Battalion
1 officer, 110 men, 152 horses, 46 cars of the driving department of the 21st Engineer Battalion
4 officers, 50 men from the pioneer vehicle depot
  • Train
4 officers, 308 men, 40 horses of the 25th Territory Company of the 19th Train-Escadron
251 men of the 24 e section COA
  • Auxiliaries
370 men
  • inch
15 officers, 415 men, 6 horses of the "8 e bataillon forteresse" (8th fortress battalion)
  • Sanitary
44 paramedics, 169 paramedics
  • Telegraph force
3 officers, 114 men, 21 horses, 6 carriages
  • Veterinary service
7 officers, 4 men
  • Air force
13 officers, 254 men, 1 horse, 8 vehicles of the 22nd Air Base Company
4 officers, 324 men, 74 horses, 15 cars of the 22nd Air Base Park Company
  • Total: 308 officers, 14,016 men, 1,391 horses, 81 vehicles (wagons or automobiles)

According to the 1909 regulation for the “Noyau central” - reinforcement as a war garrison

  • Headquarters of the 71st Reserve Division: 15 officers, 66 men, 11 cars
  • Staff of the 141st Reserve Brigade: 3 officers, 10 men, 9 horses, 1 car
  • Staff of the 142nd Reserve Brigade: 3 officers, 10 men, 9 horses, 1 car
  • Directorate: 1 officer
  • Infantry:
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "349 e régiment d'infanterie"
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "370 e régiment d'infanterie"
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "358 e régiment d'infanterie"
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "217 e régiment d'infanterie"
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "307 e régiment d'infanterie"
47 officers, 2304 men, 144 horses, 47 wagons of the "221 e régiment d'infanterie"
  • Cavalry:
15 officers, 323 men, 340 horses, 11 carriages of the "2 e groupe d'escadrons de cavalerie"
  • Enlightenment:
40 men, 48 horses of the "Groupe d'eclaireur de la 71 e division de resérve"
  • Artillery:
16 officers, 533 men, 521 horses, 71 wagons of the "1 er groupe du 4 e régiment d'artillerie de champ"
16 officers, 531 men, 519 horses, 70 wagons of the "2 e groupe du 62 e régiment d'artillerie de champ"
16 officers, 531 men, 521 horses, 71 wagons of the "3 e groupe du 63 e régiment d'artillerie de champ"
  • Pioneers:
4 officers, 264 men, 29 horses, 8 wagons of the "11 e régiment du génie"
1 officer, 45 men, 59 horses, 8 carriages of the "22 e bataillon du Camp du parc"
  • Transport:

1 officer, 122 men of the "27 e compagnie du train d'equipage"

  • Medical:
5 officers, 144 men, 72 horses, 22 carriages of the "Groupe divisionnaire de Brancardiers de la 71 e DR"
27 officers, 144 men, 54 horses, 18 medical service cars
8 officers, 14 nurses, 5 horses of the hospital service
  • Telegraphy:
1 officer, 39 men, 112 horses, 4 sapeurs-telegraphistes wagons
  • Total: 406 officers, 15,996 men, 14 nurses, 3,118 horses, 585 carriages

Regular crew of the "Noyau central"

  • Railway station: 10 men of the "170 e régiment d'infanterie" (170 e RI)
  • Main paying office: 4 men from the 170 e RI
  • Central magazine: 7 men from the 170 e RI
  • Medical magazine: 4 men of the 170 e RI
  • Telegraphy barracks Brosses: 4 men of the 170 e RI
  • Ice cream factory: 7 men from the 170 e RI
  • Dogneville Airfield: 17 men of the 170 e RI
  • Governor's staff: 7 men of the 170 e RI
  • Post office in Poissompré and Colombière: 50 men from the 170 e RI
  • Food magazine on the road to Archette: 7 pioneers
  • Food magazine de la Vierge: 4 men from the COA
  • Catering magazine Saint-Antoine: 4 men of the COA
  • Camp: 4 men of the COA
  • Airship port in Louvroie: 13 airshipmen
  • Artillery batteries:
de la Justice M65 to M68B: 7 men of the "8 e régiment d'artillerie" (8 e RA)
de Lauafremont M63 and M64: 4 men of the 8 e RA
du piton de la 40 e Semaine: 4 men of the 8 e RA
Chantraine M69: 4 men of the 8 e RA
  • Ouvrage d'Art Pont & Viadukt: 46 men of the 170 e RI
  • Arsenal: 7 men of the 8 e RA
  • Artillery park: 4 men of the 8 e RA
  • Cense Billot telegraph station: 17 pioneers
  • External powder magazines:
Louvroie: 7 men of the 170 e RI
Chantraine: 4 men of the 170 e RI
Camerelle: 4 men of the 170 e RI
Olima: 4 men of the 170 e RI
Saut le Clerf: 7 men of the 170 e RI
Golbey: 7 men of the 170 e RI
Cense Billot: 4 pioneers
Vierge: 4 pioneers

For disposition

  • Infantry: 29 officers, 588 men of the 170 e RI
  • Artillery: 36 officers, 333 men of the 8 e RA
  • Pioneers: 6 officers, 554 men of the 11 e RG
  • Aviator: 3 officers, 119 men of the 2 e Compagnie
  • COA: 763 men
  • Medical: 46 men
  • Telegraphy: 6 men
  • in the troop depots as a reserve:
3 officers, 1254 men of the 170 e RI
34 officers, 3359 man of 43 e régiment d'infantry territorial
87 men of the 11 e RG
193 men of the 21 e battalion du génie territoriale
  • Other staff in "Noyau central":
14 officers, 179 men of the 349 e regiment d'infanterie
3 officers, 42 men of the 149 e RI
6 officers, 133 men of the 62 e RA
2 officers, 188 men of the Groupe territorial des 8 e RA
103 men of the 21 e territorial battalion du génie

Total: 6,992 men

The main unit of the Épinal garrison was the 170 e régiment d'infanterie , which was dissolved on August 6, 1940. The 1 er régiment de tireilleurs , which was newly established on May 1, 1994, has taken over its tradition and continues it.

Locomotive of the 60 cm field railway

Artillery batteries

In the spaces between the forts and ouvrages, numerous artillery positions were set up, known as batteries. Arranged at strategically important points, they formed independent groups or so-called annex batteries, which were assigned to the respective fortifications. The construction was different, made of concrete or masonry, some of earth walls, some with a front ditch. As a rule, there were shelters for the crew, ammunition bunkers and so-called niches for the riot ammunition. The equipment was different and not available in peace. Most of the batteries were connected to the network of the narrow-gauge railway.

I. II. III.
  • Sector Razimont-la Mouche
  1. M1: de la Mouche
  2. M2: de la Mouche
  3. M3: de Sainte Barbe
  4. M4: de Razimont
  5. M5: de Carrières
  6. M6: de Razimont ouest
  7. M7: de Malgré-moi
  • Secteur Adelphes – Deyvillers
  1. M8: des Adelphes ouest
  2. M9 of Adelphes *
  3. M10: of Adelphes
  4. M10 bis: of Adelphes
  5. M11: de Jeuxeuy sud
  6. M12: you bois des sots
  7. M13 bis: du Bois des Sots
  8. MX de la Boucherante
  • Noyau central
  1. M63: de Laufremont
  2. M64: de Laufremont
  3. M65: de la Justice
  4. M66: de la Justice
  5. M67: de la Justice
  6. M68: de la Justice
  7. M69: de Chantraine north
  • Sector de Longchamp
  1. M14: de Sud Longchamp
  2. Battery annexe du Fort de Longchamp ouest
  3. M15: de Saint Limon
  4. M16: de Saint Adrien
  5. M17: de Saint Adrien
  6. M17 to: de Saint Adrien
  7. M18: de Saint Adrien
  8. M18 to: de Saint Adrien
  • Sector de Dogneville
  1. M19: de la Haye du Pin
  2. M20: de la Haye du Pin
  3. Batt. annexe ouest du Ft de Dogneville
  4. M21: North east de Dogneville
  5. M22: you Bois de la Vigne
  6. M23: de Dogneville sud
  • Sector Golby-Uxegney
  1. M24: de la Seurie
  2. M25: de Golbie
  3. M26: de la Grande Haye
  4. M26 to: de Maximont
  5. M27: du Bois du Souche *
  6. M28: du Bois du Souche *
  7. M29: you Bois du Souche *
  8. M30: du Bois du Souche *
  9. M31: de la Godelle
  10. M32: de Uxegney est
  11. M33: de Uxegney est
  12. M34: annexe du Fort d'Uxegney
  13. M35: de Uxegney sud
  14. M36: des Forges
  • Secteur Sanchey-Thiéha
  1. M 37: de Sanchey est *
  2. M 38: de Sanchey ouest *
  3. M39: de Chaumousey
  4. M39 to: de Bientôt *
  5. M40: de Bientôt *
  6. M41 to: de Bientôt *
  7. M41: Nord de Girancourt
  8. M39 to: Nord de Girancourt *
  9. M42: Sud de Girancourt
  10. M42 to: Sud de Girancourt *
  11. M43: Sud de Girancourt *
  12. M44: de Renaubier
  13. M45: de Grosse Poichotte
  14. Batt. annexe du Thiéha B
  15. Batt. annexe du Thiéha C
  16. Batt. annexe du Thiéha D
  17. M46: you Thiéha *
  18. M47: des Essemonts *

The systems marked with an * were not yet completed in 1914.

literature

  • Jacques Grasser: Un exemple de fortification dite Séré de Rivières. Le camp retranché d'Epinal entre 1871 et 1914. In: Revue historique de l'Armée. No. 1, 1973, pp. 116-134.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Depot for ready ammunition
  2. ↑ Landwehr
  3. ^ Foot artillery regiment
  4. ↑ Engineer Regiment
  5. ^ COA "Commis et ouvriers d'administration" (employees and workers of the administration) - corresponded roughly to the Landsturm
  6. ↑ The customs officers , the Douaniers , were given combatant status in the event of war
  7. ↑ When mobilizing, each active regiment set up a reserve regiment, the number of which was increased by a factor of 200. The "349 e régiment d'infanterie" was the reserve regiment of the "149 e régiment d'infanterie"
  8. ↑ 1st group of the 4th field artillery regiment
  9. ↑ 11th Engineer Regiment
  10. ↑ 22nd Engineer Park Battalion
  11. ^ Division carrier group of the 71st Reserve Division
  12. ↑ the telegraphists were among the pioneers
  13. ↑ Landwehr pioneers
  14. ↑ so all honorable mentions were on the flag of 170 e RI on the flag of 1 he RT transmitted
  15. ↑ "to" means additionally