Ochratoxins

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Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins (mold toxins). The corresponding molds are widespread in nature, e.g. B. some Aspergillus and Penicillium species such as A. ochraceus or P. verrucosum .

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common and important of the ochratoxins.

Ochratoxins
Surname Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin B Ochratoxin C Ochratoxin TA
other names ( R ) - N - ((5-chloro-3,4-
dihydro-8-hydroxy-
3-methyl-1-oxo-1 H -
benzo [ c ] pyran-7-yl) -
carbonyl) -3-phenylalanine
Structural formula Structure of ochratoxin A Structure of ochratoxin B Structure of ochratoxin C Structure of Ochratoxin TA
CAS number 303-47-9 4825-86-9 4865-85-4 53011-67-9
PubChem 442530 20966 20997 3036282
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.586 100.150.589
Molecular formula C 20 H 18 ClNO 6 C 20 H 19 NO 6 C 22 H 22 ClNO 6 C 20 H 18 ClNO 7
Molar mass 403.81 g mol −1 g mol −1 369.37 g mol −1 431.87 g mol −1 419.81 g mol −1
Physical state firmly
description white to yellowish powder
Melting point 169 ° C
GHS
labeling
06 - Toxic or very toxic 08 - Dangerous to health
danger
06 - Toxic or very toxic
danger
no classification available
no classification available
H and P phrases 300-351-413 301-315-319-335 see above see above
no EUH phrases no EUH phrases see above see above
264-281-301 + 310 261-301 + 310-305 + 351 + 338 see above see above
Toxicological data 20 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )

Ochratoxin A.

OTA can already be formed during plant growth, but, like all mold toxins, predominantly arises during faulty processing. It occurs due to errors in harvesting, drying, further processing, storage and transport, e.g. B. Too moist storage of the plant products. It is found primarily in grains, legumes , coffee, beer, grape juice, raisins and wine, cocoa products, nuts and spices.

Ochratoxin A often does not occur as a single substance, but as a mixture with other mycotoxins as an impurity, e.g. B. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenon (ZEA) formed by Fusarium species , Aflatoxin and Citrinin formed by Aspergillus and Penicillium species.

Ochratoxin A causes kidney disease and is carcinogenic in rats and mice .

For the analysis in animal feeds a can high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector are used, with a previous purification on immunoaffinity occurs.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Entry on ochratoxin A in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on December 27, 2019(JavaScript required) .
  2. ↑ Ochratoxin B data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2011 ( PDF ).
  3. ↑ Ochratoxin A data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2011 ( PDF ).
  4. ^ Communication from the Bavarian State Office for Health and Food Safety
  5. ↑ EFSA evaluates ochratoxin A in food
  6. ↑ Entry on ochratoxins. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 16, 2014.
  7. ↑ Animal feed - determination of ochratoxin A in animal feed by purification on an immunoaffinity column and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection; German version EN 16007: 2011