Oles Honchar

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Oles (Oleksandr) Terentijowytsch Hont crowd ( Ukrainian Олесь (Олександр) Терентійович Гончар ; scientific transliteration Oles' Hončar ; * 3. April 1918 in Lomiwka , Ukrainian People's Republic ; † 12. December 1995 in Kiev , Ukraine ) was a Ukrainian and Soviet writer , literary critic and social activist .

Oles Honchar, around the 2nd half of the 1940s

biography

Oles Honchar was born as Oleksandr Terentijowytsch Bilychenko on April 3, 1918 in the Lomivka settlement (today a district in Amur-Nyschnjodnipro district of the city of Dnipro ) as a child of factory workers. After his mother's death, he lived with his maternal grandparents in Search ( Сухе ) in Poltava Oblast . When he started school in 1925, he was listed under his mother's maiden name, Honchar, and has been called Oles' (short for Oleksandr) ever since. After seven years of school he attended from 1933 to 1937 the college for journalism "Nikolaj Ostrovskij" in Kharkiv . During this time he worked as a correspondent for several regional newspapers. The first works such as "The cherries are in bloom" and "Ivan Mostovskij" were created. He dedicated these two stories to people he knows and loves well.

In 1938 he enrolled in the Philological Faculty of Kharkiv University . Oles Honchar enjoyed his studies, studied national and foreign literature, learned languages. His fellow students were the authors Dmytro Bilous and Hryhorij Tjutjunnyk . In June 1941 he left the university libraries to go to the front as a volunteer with many other students. During the Second World War he was a sergeant major and later the first sergeant of the mortar battery in the battalion of the 72nd Guards Rifle Division. Regardless of the conditions at the front, writings and thoughts emerged during this time, which the author himself later called “conspectuses of feelings” and “poetic drafts for future works”. The writer received awards for his work at the front (Order of Glory, Order of the Red Star , three medals “for courage”).

After completing his studies at the University of Dnipropetrovsk in 1946 , he lived with his older sister in Lomivka and wrote the trilogy "Bannerträger", parts of which are printed for the first time in the magazine "Vittschyzna". Honchar receives the Stalin Prize twice for “standard bearer” . After completing the three-part novel in 1948, the author continued to deal with the war theme. In the late 1940s / early 1950s, Oles Honchar wrote a series of short stories and narratives devoted to the peaceful coexistence of people and concerned with important moral aspects of their coexistence.

From 1959 to 1971 Oles Honchar was chairman of the National Association of Authors of Ukraine , and from 1959 to 1986 he was secretary of the Union of Soviet Writers. From 1973 the author was head of the Ukrainian Republican Peace Committee, a member of the World Peace Council and a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine . He died in Kiev in 1995 and was buried there in the Baikowe Cemetery .

Grave of Oles Honchar in the Baikowe cemetery in Kiev

Oles Hontschar also devoted himself to literary criticism . Starting in his student days with the analysis of the works of M. Kozjubynskyj and W. Stefanyk , he later created dozens of articles that were later published in separate books ("About our literature" 1972, "About those who are important to us" 1978, "Writer's reflection" 1980), and some of them have been included in the author's six-volume collection of works. Oles Honjar's works have been translated into 67 languages.

Works

Novels

• Standard bearer ( Прапороносці ): Book 1. The Alps ( Альпы , 1946), Book 2. The Blue Danube ( Голубой Дунай , 1947), Book 3. The Golden Prague ( Злата Прага , 1948).
• Tavrija ( Таврія , 1952).
• Perekop ( Перекоп , 1957) - Civil War novel.
• Man and weapons ( Людина і зброя , 1960).
• Tronka ( Тронка , 1963).
• Satschipljanka Cathedral ( Собор , 1968).
• The cyclone ( Циклон , 1970).
• Bereh Ljubovi ( Берег любові , 1976).
• Tvoja zorja ( Твоя зоря , 1980).
• Kraplja Krovi ( Крапля крові , 1984).

stories

• Čerešni cvitut '( Черешні цвітуть , 1938)
• Ivan Mostovyj ( Іван Мостовий , 1938)
• Stokozove pole ( Cтокозове поле , 1941).
• Zemlja gudit ( Земля гудит 1947).
• Mykyta Bratus' ( Микита Братусь , 1950)
• Pust 'gorit ogonek ( Пусть горит огонек , 1954)
• Partitsanskaya iskra. Kinopovest '( Партизанская искра. Киноповесть , 1955).
• The brigantine ( Бригантина , 1973).
• Dalekie kostry ( Далекие костры , 1986).
• Vospominanie ob okeane ( Воспоминание об океане , 1988).

Collections of short stories

• Jug ( Юг , 1951)
• Doroga za oblaka ( Дорога за облака , 1953).
• Čary-kamyši ( Чары-камыши , 1958)
• Maša s Verchoviny ( Маша с Верховины , 1959)
• Za mig sčast'ja ( За миг счастья , 1964)
• Dalekie kostry ( Далекие костры , 1987).

Essays

• Vstreči s druz'jami ( Встречи с друзьями , 1950).
• Kitaj vblizi ( Китай вблизи , 1952).
• Japonskie etjudy ( Японские этюды , 1962).
• O našych pisateljach ( О наших писателях , 1972).
• O tech, kto dorog ( О тех, кто дорог , 1978).
• Pisatel'skije razmyšlenija ( Писательскийe размышления , 1980).
• Čem žyvem. Na puti ukrainskogo vozroždenija ( Чем живем. На пути украинского возрождения , 1991).

Processing of the works

theatre

• Ballet “Tavrija” (music by Vladimir Nahabin (Владимир Нахабин), 1959).
• Opera "Bannerträger" ( Прапороносці , music by Aleksandr Bilaš (Александр Билаш, 1985)).

Film adaptations

• "Devuška s majaka" ( Девушка с маяка ) - USSR, 1956, director Hryhorij Krykun (Григорий Крикун); based on the story of "Pustj gorit ogonjok"
• "Partizanskaja iskra" ( Партизанская искра ) - USSR, 1957, directors Mečislava Maevskaja (Мечислава Маевская) and Andrej Masljukov (Андрей Маслюков).
• "Tavrija" ( Таврия ) - USSR, 1959, director Jurij Lysenko (Юрий Лысенко).
• "Tronka" ( Тронка ) - USSR, 1971, director Artur Vojtezkij (Артур Войтецкий).
• "Poloska neskošennych dikich cvetov" ( Полоска нескошенных диких цветов ) - USSR, 1979, director Jurij Il'jenko (Юрий Ильенко) based on the story of "The Brigantine"
• "Vse pobeždaet ljubov '" ( Все побеждает любовь ) - USSR, 1987, director Nikolaj Maščenko (Николай Мащенко) based on the story "Za mig sčast'ja" (За миг сч)

honors and awards

• Stalin Prize (1948) - for the first and second book of the novel "Bannerträger" (1946–1947)
• Stalin Prize (1949) - for the third book of the novel "Bannerträger" - (1948)
• Lenin Prize (1964) - for the novel "Tronka" (1963)
• State Prize of the USSR (1982) - for the novel "Tvoja zorja"
• Taras Shevchenko Prize , National Prize of Ukraine (1962) - for the novel "Man and Arms" (1960)
• Hero of Socialist Labor (March 31, 1978) - for a successful contribution to the development of Soviet literature
• Order of Lenin (1978)
• Order of the Great Patriotic War (1985)
• Order of the Red Star
• Order of Glory III. class
• Hero of Ukraine (2005)

Memorials

Places, streets and buildings dedicated to Oles Honjar

• Dnipro ( вул. Гончарова ), Oles Honchar National University of Dnipropetrovsk
• Kiev Oles Honchar Boulevard (Ukrainian вул. Олеся Гончара )
• Kharkiv bas-relief in the university where the author studied

literature

• Мовчан Р. В. та інші. Українська література. - Київ, 2000.
• Митці України: Енциклопедичний довідник. - Київ, 1992.
• Слово про Олеся Гончара: Нариси, статті, листи, есе, дослідження / Упоряд. В. К. Коваль. - К .: Рад. письменник, 1988. - 647 с.
• Собор із "Собору", або Подорож Олеся Гончара до Мадонни // Цалик С. М., Селігей П. О. Таємниці письменницьких шухляд: Детективна історія української літератури. - К .: Наш час, 2010. - С. 298-345.
• Вінок пам'яті Олеся Гончара: Спогади. Хроніки / Упоряд. В. Д. Гончар, В. Я. П'янов. - К .: Укр. письменник, 1997. - 453 с.
• Коваль В. П. «Собор» і навколо собору. - К .: Молодь, 1989. - 272 с.

Web links

Commons : Oles Hontschar  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Благодаря Олесю Гончару… Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 
• Олеся Гончара крестили в Покровской церкви на Амуре… ( Memento from May 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
• Spiritual search in the Diaries of Oles Honchar, a prominent Ukrainian writer. Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 
• Гончар Олесь Терентійович. Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 
• ИЗ ФРОНТОВЫХ ДНЕВНИКОВ ОЛЕСЯ ГОНЧАРА. Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Олесь Гончар. Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 
2. ↑ Bilous, Dmytro Hryhorowytsch Biography in the Library of Ukrainian Literature ; accessed on December 8, 2019 (Ukrainian)
3. ↑ Олесь Гончар. Retrieved October 26, 2014 . 
4. ↑ ОЛЕСЬ ГОНЧАР (1918–1995). Retrieved October 26, 2014 .