Olga Arsenyevna Oleinik

Oleinik with Tichonow 1976

Olga Arsenjewna Oleinik, Nice , 1970

Olga Arsenjewna Oleinik ( Russian Ольга Арсеньевна Олейник , scientific transliteration Ol'ga Arsen'evna Olejnik ; born  July 2, 1925 in Matusov , Cherkassy Oblast / Ukrainian SSR ; † October 13, 2001 in Moscow ) was a Russian mathematician who dealt with partial Differential equations , topology of algebraic varieties and mathematical physics .

Life

Oleinik studied from 1942 at the University of Perm , where the family moved after the German occupation of Ukraine, and from 1944 at the Lomonossow University in Moscow, where she graduated in 1947. In 1950 she defended her doctoral thesis there ( topology of real algebraic curves and surfaces , called candidate thesis in the Soviet Union and Russia ) - and began at the same time with lectures - and in 1954 her habilitation thesis (in the Soviet Union doctoral thesis ) with Ivan Petrowski ( boundary value problems for partial differential equations with small parameters in the highest derivative and the Cauchy problem in large for nonlinear equations ). Many of Oleinik's later fields of work were also those of Petrowski, whom she admired very much. Oleinik then stayed at Lomonosov University and became a professor of mathematics there in 1955. In 1973 she became head of the differential equations department. In addition, she was at the Steklov Institute and the Institute for Problems of Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. She had 56 PhD students. As early as 1960 she visited Richard Courant's group in New York and otherwise kept in contact with Western scientists, e. B. 1965 in Rome with Gaetano Fichera .

She wrote around 370 scientific papers and dealt among other things. a. with nonlinear problems of elasticity theory, e.g. B. in areas with holes, flow in porous media (and other homogenization problems, i.e. problems with many scales), shock waves (Uspekhi Math. Nauka 1957), problems of heat conduction and mathematical problems of the boundary layer theory by Ludwig Prandtl . With Petrowski she determined the Euler characteristic of a -dimensional algebraic variety of order in -dimensional real projective space and dealt with further questions in the context of Hilbert's 16th problem (real algebraic varieties and their topology). ${\displaystyle n-1}$ ${\displaystyle m}$ ${\displaystyle n}$

Oleinik was a member of the Russian, Saxon and various Italian academies of science ( Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , Academies of Palermo, Milan) and the Royal Society of Edinburgh . She received the Russian State Prize (1988, for work on boundary layer theory), the Petrovsky Prize, the Lomonosov Prize (1964, for her work on asymptotic solutions), the Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Chebotarev Prize (1952, for her doctoral thesis). In 1995 she received the Order of Honor of the Russian Federation. In 1996 she was a Noether Lecturer . In 1981 she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Rome. In 1970 she was invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice ( On linear second order equations with non negative characteristic form ) and in Stockholm in 1962 ( On the equations of a boundary layer ).

Fonts

• with Josifjan, Shamaew: Mathematical problems in the theory of strongly inhomogeneous elastic media. North Holland 1990.
• with Zhikow, Khozlow: Homogenization of differential operators and integral functionals. 1994 (English translation, original 1993).
• Some asymptotic problems in the theory of partial differential equations. 1997.
• with Samokhin: Mathematical problems of boundary layer theory. Chapman and Hall, 1997.
• On Hilbert's sixteenth problem. In: PSAlexandrow (editor): The Hilbert problems. Ostwald's Classics of Exact Sciences, Volume 252. Harri Deutsch Publishing House, 1998.

Web links

• Literature by and about Olga Arsenjewna Oleinik in the catalog of the German National Library
• John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson :  Olga Arsenjewna Oleinik. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
• Further biography
• Biography on the Noether Lecture page
• Jäger, Lax, Morawetz: on Oleinik in Notices AMS 2003 (PDF; 104 kB)