Orangists

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The Prinsenvlag with orange instead of red in the Dutch flag was the identification symbol of the orangists

As Orangists or Orange Party (Netherland. Oranjepartij) or Governor's Party or Prince 's Party , the supporters of that political group in the Netherlands who held the House of Orange as the inheritance holder were referred to . The general identification of all Dutch people as Oranjes ignores the fact that there have always been opponents of the Oranjes among the Dutch population.

Orangism in the Republic of the United Netherlands

In the Republic of the Seven United Provinces at the beginning of the 17th century, the struggle between a republican and an absolutist form of government was initially decided in favor of the latter. The party of Prince (Prince) Moritz von Nassau-Orange , supported mainly by the rural nobility, but also by the rural population and fanatical Calvinists , overthrew the state party around the regent Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, which was supported by the urban bourgeoisie . The stronghold of the orangists was the province of Friesland , while that of their opponents in later power struggles was mostly Holland .

After the death of Moritz 'nephew Wilhelm II , the opponents of the Orange organized in the regent party around Johan de Witt , which remained in power until 1672, and the young Prince Wilhelm III. initially kept out of power before de Witt was overthrown and murdered by orangists in 1672. With the appointment of Wilhelm III. A close relationship began between the Orange and England as the King of England, Scotland and Ireland, and with the appointment of William IV as heir to all seven Dutch provinces in 1747, the Netherlands was in fact threatened with transformation into an absolutist hereditary monarchy, while city citizens and democrats opposed each other and Republicans organized in the Patriot Party . How much the conflict between the pro-British Orangists and the pro-French patriots affected the Netherlands was shown in the Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784) , when the admirals loyal to the Orange were unwilling to resolutely defend the Netherlands or the Dutch colonies . After the end of the war, the patriots were initially able to drive out the Orangists and Wilhelm V in 1786, before he was reinstated as part of the Prussian invasion of Holland in 1787, but was finally driven out by patriots and French revolutionary armies in 1795. The struggle between patriots and orangists continued in the Dutch colonies and in the navy ( surrender in Saldanhabucht in 1796, surrender in Vlieter in 1799).

  • In 1747 Wilhelm IV became heir to all Dutch provinces

  • Wilhelm V was expelled by the Patriots in 1786 and by the French in 1795

  • Wilhelm I ruled as King of the Netherlands from 1815 to 1831 in Belgium

Orangism in the Kingdom of the United Netherlands

After the French were expelled at the end of 1813, the Orangists celebrated the hereditary prince who had returned from England

As Orangemen also those predominantly Flemish supporters of Orange in Belgium and Luxembourg were known that in 1815 the formation of Belgium and Luxembourg enclosing Kingdom of the United Netherlands had enthusiastically welcomed and also during the Belgian Revolution still were faithful to the Dutch royal family and the unitary state. Their opponents also called themselves (Belgian) patriots .

literature

  • Walter Markov, Alfred Anderle, Ernst Werner: Small Encyclopedia World History , Volume 2, Pages 82ff and 86ff. Bibliographical Institute Leipzig 1979
  • Max Freiherr du Prel, Willi Janke: The Netherlands in the upheaval of times , pages 15-22. Konrad Triltsch Verlag, Würzbürg 1941
  • Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , Volume 15, Page 91 . Leipzig 1908
  • Pierer's Universal Lexicon , Volume 12, Page 329 . Altenburg 1861
  • Pierer's Universal Lexicon , Volume 11, Page 909 . Altenburg 1860