Oregon hawthorn
| Oregon hawthorn | ||||||||||||
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Oregon hawthorn ( Crataegus douglasii ), illustration |
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| Crataegus douglasii | ||||||||||||
| Lindl. |
The Oregon hawthorn ( Crataegus douglasii ), also known as Douglas hawthorn (English: Douglas hawthorn, black hawthorn, river hawthorn, western thornapple) is a species of hawthorn ( Crataegus ) in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is common in northern and western North America . The Oregon hawthorn owes its common German name to the US state of Oregon .
description
Appearance and leaf
The Oregon hawthorn grows as a compact, upright shrub or small tree and reaches heights of usually 1 to 4, rarely up to 6 meters. Runners are formed and stands are formed in a vegetative way. The trunks are stocky and straight and reinforced with 1 to 2.5 centimeters long thorns . The gray to brown bark is smooth or sometimes scaly. The thin branches have a light red, bare bark .
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are stalked 3 to 6 centimeters long. The simple leaf blade is 3 to 6 centimeters long and broad, obovate and narrows towards the petiole. The leaf margin is slightly lobed and toothed. Both leaf surfaces are hairy to bald.
Inflorescence and flower
A few flowers each stand together in a lateral or terminal inflorescence. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The five calyx teeth are triangular, entire and bent back. The five free, white petals are circular with a length of 5 to 7 millimeters. The ten or twenty free stamens , depending on the variety, have pink anthers. There are three to usually five styluses available.
Fruit and seeds
The Oregon hawthorn bears dark red to blackish, bald apple fruits that are about 1 centimeter in diameter. An Oregon hawthorn tree bears 550 fruits on average. The fruits are fully ripe in Oregon in the second half of August and in Washington in the second half of July. Many germinable seeds are formed.
Synecology and Autecology
Many species of moss and lichen colonize the bark.
Many bird species build their nests and breed in the Oregon hawthorn. Small mammals live in the hedges.
The Oregon hawthorn mostly thrives at altitudes between 670 and 1645 meters. There it thrives in different environments from forest to scrubland.
use
The fruits of the Oregon hawthorn were used by some Indian tribes , such as the Cheyenne, for food.
Systematics
The first description of Crataegus douglasii was in 1836 by John Lindley in Edwards's Botanical Register , 21, panel 1810. A synonym for Crataegus douglasii Lindl. is Crataegus punctata var. brevispina Douglas ex Hook. The specific epithet douglasii honors the Scottish botanist David Douglas (1799–1834).
There are three varieties of Crataegus douglasii , which differ in flower characteristics and distribution area:
- Crataegus douglasii Lindl. var. douglasii : it has ten stamens. It is native to the northern Rocky Mountains .
- Crataegus douglasii var. Rivularis (Nutt.) Coffin: Whether it has the rank of a species Crataegus rivularis Nutt. is being discussed. It has ten stamens. It is native to the northern Rocky Mountains.
- Crataegus douglasii var. Suksdorfii Sarg .: Whether it has the rank of a kind Crataegus suksdorfii (Sarg.) Kruschke is discussed. It has twenty stamens. It is located on the west side of the Cascade Mountains .
swell
- Crataegus douglasii. In: WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington, accessed August 24, 2011 . (Section description)
- RJ Habeck, 1991 Data sheet - Crataegus douglasii at FEIS = Fire Effects Information System from USDA = United States Department of Agriculture . (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Crataegus douglasii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Crataegus douglasii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
