Oryol (ship, 1667)
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The frigate Orjol (also Orel , ( Russian Орёл , German: Adler )) was a warship built in Russia. Tsar Alexei I ordered the construction of the ship in order to protect the Russian merchant ships on the Caspian Sea . The Oryol was built between 1667 and 1669 by the shipyard in Dedinovo on the Oka River. Although the Oryol was conquered and destroyed in 1670, it has enduring significance as a symbol of the birth of Russian naval power . The Oryol is often considered to be the first Russian sailing ship of Western European type.
History and construction
During the 17th century, Russia and Persia developed closer economic ties. Trade goods were primarily cloth and silk. The goods were shipped across the Caspian Sea and the Volga , with Astrakhan as the trading center. This route served the trade of Russia, Persia and all of Europe. Dutch and English traders in particular were active on the route, and the German Adam Olearius was also sent as an envoy from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . To protect this growing market, Tsar Alexei I launched a naval shipbuilding program. A shipyard was built southwest of Moscow in Dedinovo, a town on the Oka River in what is now Moscow Oblast . The project was supervised by the boyar Afanasij Lavrentjewitsch Ordin-Naschtschokin. Experienced shipmen, including Carsten Brandt , were hired from Amsterdam , and Cornelius van Bockhoiven, a Dutchman living in Moscow, was hired for his shipbuilding knowledge. The Oryol was built together with a yacht and two smaller ships. She was a three-masted sailing ship, 24.5 meters long, 6.5 meters wide and displaced 250 tons . She had a crew of 23 seamen and 35 soldiers and was armed with 22 cannons.
Little information is available about the outward appearance. But in an ukase it is described that the ship should be named Oryol and that an eagle should be attached to the stern and bow and eagles should be embroidered on the flags and banners.
The Oryol reached Astrakhan in August 1669, but never fulfilled its intended mission and probably never sailed the Caspian Sea. The rebels of Stenka Razin attacked Russian cities at this time. To protect Astrakhan, the crew and armament of the Oryol were assigned for defense while the ship was still at anchor. Some of the ship's guns were brought into the citadel . When the Cossacks conquered the city in June 1670, they took possession of the ship, burned it or sank it in an arm of the river.
See also
literature
- Edward J. Phillips: The Founding of Russia's Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688-1714. Westport (Connecticut) & London, 1995
- Anatoli Iwanowitsch Sorokin, Wladimir Nikititsch Krasnow: Warships in testing. Military Publishing House of the GDR, Berlin, 1989, ISBN 3-32700-764-0
Web links
Individual proof
- ^ German in Sorokin, Krasnow: Kriegsschiffe in der Erprobung , p. 9; there referred to the Russian source.