Carsten Brandt

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Carsten Brandt next to Peter I in Peter's sailing boat ( AD Kiwschenko , 1864)

Carsten Brandt ( Russian Карштен Брандт ; * around 1630 in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces ; † 1693 in Moscow ) was a Dutch - Russian shipbuilder .

Life

Oryol (Post of the USSR , 1971)

Brandt came to Russia in the summer of 1667 with a group of foreign experts to build the first Russian warship, Orjol ( Adler ), and other ships on the banks of the Oka near Alexei's village of Dedinowo ( Luchowizy district ) , according to a ukase from Alexeis I. The keel of the Oryol was laid in November 1667. The construction was led by the Dutch Polkownik Cornelius van Bockhoiven and his assistants Stark and Gelt. The Moscow nobleman Jakow Leontjewitsch Polujektow together with the accounting officer Stepan Petrow organized the work on the shipyard and led the carpenters and blacksmiths . Brandt worked there as a ship carpenter.

After the loss of Orel by professionals, the ship sailed in May 1669 Nizhny Novgorod , where it with artillery was equipped and Brandt became assistant to the Schiffsartilleristen with 10 rubles his expenses monthly. In June 1669 the ship continued to Astrakhan . As 1670 Stepan Razin with rebellious Cossacks Astrakhan occupied that drove Captain David Butler with the Oryol, their artillery to the previously Astrakhan Kremlin had been given, in the Volga river branch Kutum, she sat on ground and escaped by boat to Persia as Alexander Wassiljewitsch Wiskowatow found out. The sailing master Jan Struys of Oryol also managed to escape. He then received letters from Butler, which he included in his travelogues. The ship then fell into disrepair. Brandt fled to Moscow in 1670 and lived as a carpenter and carpenter in Nemezkaja sloboda .

Peters I. Boot St. Nicholas (Post of the USSR, 1971)

In May 1688, sixteen-year-old saw Peter I in the village of Izmailovo, near Moscow in a barn of the boyars Nikita Ivanovich Romanov (Peters granduncle) a ruined English sailboat that interested him. Peter commissioned his teacher Franz Timmerman to look for a master to repair the boat, whereupon Timmerman suggested Brandt to him. The boat was brought to Preobrazhenskoye on the Jausa , where Brandt repaired the boat and fitted it with a mast and sails . This botik from Peter the Great was named St. Nikolaus , and Brandt initially drove with Peter on the narrow Jausa, which was difficult to navigate. Peter had the sailing boat brought to the Prossjansky Pond, where he learned to sail from Brandt . Brandt was now Peter's first instructor in naval matters .

In the summer of 1688 Peter came on a pilgrimage with his mother to the Trinity Monastery of Sergiev Posad in Pereslavl-Zalessky on Lake Pleschtschejewo , where shortly afterwards he and Brandt founded a shipyard for building a small fleet to play with. Brandt began building two small frigates and a yacht in 1689 , using drawings from Amsterdam and foreign shipbuilders who trained Russian carpenters. Peter worked with it himself. The launch of the first frigate took place in May 1692. In August 1692, the entire court and the clergy came to Lake Pleschtschejewo to bless the largest yacht. In total, the two frigates and three yachts were built there.

At Brandt's funeral, Peter I. awarded Brandt the rank of general . According to Brandt's advice, Peter I bought the artillery for the first ships in the Baltic fleet in Narva . In 1723, during a tour of the Baltic fleet, Peter I described his boat St. Nicholas as the grandfather of the Russian fleet. Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin dedicated a poem to the boat and Brandt .

Solid-state physicist Nikolai Borissowitsch Brandt was a descendant of Brandt .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b БРАНДТ, Карштен . In: Военная энциклопедия Сытина . tape 5 , 1915, pp. 54 ( Wikisource accessed March 24, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c Брандт (Карстен) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . IVa, 1891, p. 594 ( Wikisource accessed March 24, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b Богуславский В.В .: Карстен Брандт (Carsten Brandt) . In: Славянская энциклопедия. XVII век: в 2 томах. Т. 1 . Олма-Пресс, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-224-02249-5 ( [1] accessed March 24, 2019).
  4. ↑ Solovyov SM : История России с древнейших времен. В 29 томах. Книга третья. Том XI-XV. Т. 12 . Товарищество "Общественная польза", St. Petersburg 1879, p. 562-564 ( [2] accessed March 24, 2019).
  5. ↑ Struys, Jan: The Perillous and most Unhappy VOYAGES of JOHN STRUYS, Through Italy, Greece, Lifeland, Moscovia, Tartary, Media, Persia, East-India, Japan, and other Places in EUROPE, AFRICA and ASIA. [...] To which are added 2 narratives sent from Capt. D. Butler, relating to the Taking in of Astrachan by the Cosacs . Samuel Smith, 1683.
  6. ↑ Кузнецов Н. А., Соломонов Б. В .: Золотарев А. Н. Фрегат « Орёл » . In: 100 великих кораблей . Вече, Moscow 2012, ISBN 978-5-9533-3751-9 ( [3] accessed March 24, 2019).
  7. ↑ Копия письма Давида Бутлера от 6 марат 1671 года . In: Русский архив / П. Бартенев. - Альманах. № 1 . Типография Лебедева, Moscow 1880, p. 125 ( [4] accessed on March 24, 2019).
  8. ↑ a b c Ларионов А. Л .: Ботик Петра I « Св. Nikola » . In: Судостроение . No. 7 , 1976, p. 59–64 ( [5] accessed March 24, 2019).
  9. ↑ Ботик Петра Великого . In: Brockhaus-Efron . IVa, 1891, p. 498 ( Wikisource accessed March 24, 2019).
  10. ↑ БОТИК ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО . In: Военная энциклопедия Сытина . tape 5 , 1915, pp. 38 ( Wikisource accessed March 24, 2019).
  11. ↑ a b Быховский И. А .: Петровские корабелы . Судостроение, Leningrad 1982, p. 13, 14 ( [6] accessed March 24, 2019).
  12. ↑ Галенко В .: Корабли, яхты, крепости: хроника рождения Петербурга . In: Морской флот . No. 4 , 2003, p. 43-45 .
  13. ↑ Галенко В .: Корабли, флаги и крепости ... In: Вокруг света . No. 7 , 1995, p. 22–24 ( [7] accessed March 24, 2019).
  14. ↑ Пир Петра Первого . In: Александр Сергеевич Пушкин . ( Wikisource accessed March 24, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Brandt, Carsten
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Брандт, Карштен (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch-Russian shipbuilder
DATE OF BIRTH around 1630
PLACE OF BIRTH Republic of the Seven United Provinces
DATE OF DEATH 1693
Place of death Moscow