Nikolai Borissowitsch Brandt

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Nikolai Borissowitsch Brandt ( Russian: Николай Борисович Брандт ; born April 28, 1923 in Moscow ; † January 4, 2015 there ) was a Russian solid-state physicist and university professor .

Life

Brandt was a descendant of the Dutch shipbuilder Carsten Brandt , who organized shipbuilding for Peter I and was sung about in a poem by Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin . Brandt's father Boris Nikolajewitsch Brandt (1887–1938) was a military engineer and fortress builder of the Imperial Russian Army , built up the engineering service of the Red Army with others after the October Revolution , was a university professor after the Russian Civil War and was shot after a denunciation during the Great Terror of 1938 ( Rehabilitated in 1954). Brandt's mother, Alexandra Vasilyevna, née Parfenowa (1895–1977), was a nurse in the Imperial Russian Army. Brandt attended Moscow Middle School No. 528, won several Physics Olympics and left the school with an award corresponding to the previous gold medal.

At the beginning of the German-Soviet War he volunteered for the Red Army, but was turned away because of his father. He then worked in an armaments factory . In December 1941 he was called up and in a Komsomol - Skibataillon to the front sent. The battalion suffered heavy losses at Moshaisk and Brandt was wounded in the leg by a splinter of mine . After hospitalization, he was sent to Kolomna , where a rifle regiment was set up. After graduating from regimental school as a sergeant , he was sent to Ryazan to the infantry school. In the summer of 1942 he became a lieutenant and stayed at the school as the commander of a cadet train . Units of a Polish army were set up in the Ryazan area . After brief training in Polish, Brandt was sent to the officers' school of the Polish Army as a vice battalion commander. In the autumn of 1944 Brandt came to the front as a battalion commander in the 1st Polish Army. He was involved in the fighting for the liberation of Przemyśl and Cracow , where he was wounded. The war ended for Brandt in Bytom .

Since Brandt was not interested in a military career and wanted to study, he wrote a corresponding letter to the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) Sergei Ivanovich Vawilow . With regard to the Soviet atomic bomb project , the AN-SSSR should request 50 specialists from the Red Army to be demobilized . Wawilow put Brandt on the list, so that Brandt became a student at the physics faculty at Lomonossow University Moscow (MGU) in the fall of 1946 . After graduating, he was an aspirant , research assistant, lecturer and then professor (1965) at MGU. After defending the respective dissertation he was promoted to candidate (1954) and then to doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences (1963). He then headed the Chair for Low Temperatures and then the Department of Solid State Physics in the MGU's Faculty of Physics.

Brandt examined the energy state spectra of solids under the combined influences of magnetic (up to 900,000 oersteds ) and electrical fields , high pressures (up to 300,000 at ), anisotropic deformation , irradiation and doping at low and extremely low temperatures. For this he developed the examination methods with the necessary worldwide unique devices. He discovered magnet - dielectric - and dielectric - metal - phase transitions in the magnetic field, the band gapless state and stationary exciton phases . He also examined the effects of extremely high pressures and extremely low temperatures on superconductors . Photodetectors with unique properties have been developed.

Brandt's first marriage was Galina Alexandrovna Lyamsina. After her death in 1973 he married the lecturer in the physics faculty of the MGU Galina Alexandrovna Mironova, with whom he had sons Alexander and Nikolai. She died in 2013.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e MGU: Брандт Николай Борисович (accessed March 23, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f MGU: Николай Борисович БРАНДТ (к 80-летию со дня рождения) (accessed March 23, 2019).
  3. ↑ Брандт Николай Борисович. Орден Отечественной войны II степени (accessed March 23, 2019).
  4. ↑ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 06/20/1995 г. № 604 О присуждении Государственных премий Российской Федерации 1995 года в области науки и техники (accessed March 23, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Brandt, Nikolai Borissowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Брандт, Николай Борисович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian solid state physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 28, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH 4th January 2015
Place of death Moscow