Orontes I.
Orontes I ( Armenian Երուանդ ; Greek Ὀρόντης ) was a Persian general of the Achaemenid Empire in the 4th century BC. He was a son of Artasyras , who came from Bactria .
Orontes served the Great King Artaxerxes II in Armenia as governor ( satrap ) and married shortly after 401 BC. His daughter Rhodogune. In the Persian civil war between Artaxerxes and Cyrus the Younger , he fought against the Greeks allied with Cyrus ( Anabasis ). In the war against the Cypriot city king of Salamis , Euagoras I , he snatched command from Tiribazos by means of an intrigue and concluded a favorable peace with Euagoras, which is why he fell out of favor with the great king. Because of his participation in the satrap revolt of the coastal satraps in 361/360 BC. He lost his satrapy Armenia and instead received the less important satrapy Mysia . 357 BC He rose from there against Artaxerxes III. and conquered Pergamon , but very soon made peace with him again and gave Pergamon back. During the conclusion of a trade agreement with Athens , he received the citizenship of Athens . Orontes died after 349 BC. Chr.
Orontes I was probably the grandfather of Orontes II , through whom the Armenian line of his family continued. Another descendant was Antiochus I , who founded the royal house of Kommagene . His wife Rhodogune is the link between the Achaemenid and Orontid clans .
Strabo stated in his geography that the Syrian river Typhon was called " Orontes " (today Nahr al-Asi) since the fourth century BC because Orontes I had crossed this river, probably during the war against Euagoras.
swell
- Xenophon on. 2, 4, 8; 2, 5, 40; 3, 4, 13; 3, 5, 17; 4, 3, 4
- Diodorus 15, 2, 8-9; 15, 10; 15, 90-91.
- OGIS 264a; 392
- Pompey Trogus prol. 10
- Demosthenes 14, 31
- Polyainos 7, 14, 1
- Plutarch mor. 174 B
- The Fragments of the Greek Historians 115 F 103.9
- Strabo 16, 750
literature
- Eckart Olshausen : Orontes 2. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 9, Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-01479-7 , column 49.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Orontes I. |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Armenian satrap |
DATE OF BIRTH | 5th century BC Chr. |
DATE OF DEATH | 4th century BC Chr. |