Tiribazos

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Tiribazos († around 362 BC) was at the beginning of the 4th century BC. A politician and general of the Persian Achaemenid Empire . In 387 BC He announced the so-called King's Peace in Sardis .

Life

Tiribazos was held in high regard by the Persian Great King Artaxerxes II and was the satrap of western Armenia at the time when Cyrus the Younger wanted to overthrow his older brother, the Great King, with the help of Greek mercenaries, but in 401 BC. Died in the battle of Kunaxa . Tiribazos saved the great king at Kunaxa and allowed the hired mercenaries free retreat through his satrapy. But then he wanted to attack her on a mountain pass lying on her way. But the Greeks got wind of it, set off quickly to secure the pass, drove the enemies to flight and even captured the satrap's tent.

After Sparta had defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War and replaced it as a hegemonic power , it also tried to assert its influence in the Greek-settled coastal areas of Asia Minor . A Spartan army under King Agesilaus II defeated 395 BC. The then satrap Tissaphernes on the Paktolos , whereupon Tissaphernes was killed by the Chiliarch Tithraustes on the orders of the Persian king because of this defeat . Around 393 BC BC Tiribazos was Tithraustes' successor as Karanos (general governor of the western satrapies) in Asia Minor and probably also satrap of Lydia , whose capital was Sardis .

Since Athens, under Konon 's leadership, seriously endangered Sparta's supremacy in Greece, the Spartan politician Antalkidas appeared in 392 BC. At the court of Tiribazos, to suggest a comprehensive peace settlement. The subsequent peace conference, which was attended by envoys from other Greek countries, including Konon, failed. Antalkidas was able to win Tiribazos for the Spartan cause and received money from him for the construction of a new fleet, while Konon was arrested on Tiribazos' orders. Konon escaped to King Euagoras in Cyprus , where he soon died. At the court of the great king, however, the anti-Spartan forces initially prevailed, who saw Athens as the lesser danger. Tiribazos was born in 391 BC. Recalled and replaced by Struthas , who pursued a policy that was hostile to Sparto.

As early as 388 BC Chr. Tiribazos got his satrapy Lydia back and went in the winter of 388/87 BC. Together with Antalkidas, who reappeared at his place, to Susa to the court of the great king Artaxerxes II, who was finally persuaded to issue a peace settlement designed according to his own ideas and to guarantee compliance with it. This ultimately resulted in a treaty that is considered the first example of a general peace . In the autumn of 387 BC In BC, Tiribazos proclaimed the peace of King or Antalkidas to the ambassadors of many Greek states in Sardis . This recognized the Persian suzerainty over the Greek cities of Asia Minor as well as the islands of Cyprus and Klazomenai . In addition, he called for the autonomy of all Greek poles and the dissolution of all symmetries with the exception of the Sparta-dominated Peloponnesian League . Tiribazos threatened violence in the name of the great king to all cities that refused to swear to this peace. With Persia as the guarantor, the peace of the king secured Spartan supremacy for a few years.

386/85 BC In BC Tiribazos commanded a Persian naval company against King Euagoras of Salamis in Cyprus, while the satrap of Armenia, Orontes , received the command of the land troops deployed there. They defeated Euagoras and besieged him in Salamis. But then Tiribazos was called back to the Persian court on Orontes' accusation of negotiating with Euagoras, where he was to answer. According to Plutarch's report , Tiribazos now accompanied the Great King in 384 BC. On his campaign against the Kadusians and rendered him good service by instilling mutual distrust in the two kings of the Kadusians, so that they separately asked for peace. Probably only after his return from this war did the trial of Tiribazos take place, which not only achieved his acquittal, but also received great honors.

At an unspecified time - it is often around 362 or 361 BC. Accepted - Tiribazos instigated the Persian heir to the throne Dareios to a plot against his father. But King Artaxerxes II learned of this conspiracy through the betrayal of a eunuch , whereupon both Darius and Tiribazos were killed.

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Xenophon , Anabasis 4, 4, 4-7; 4, 4, 16-21; 4, 5, 1; Diodorus 14, 27; Plutarch , Artaxerxes 7 and 10.
  2. ↑ Xenophon, Hellenika 3, 4, 24f .; Diodorus 14, 80.
  3. ↑ Xenophon, Hellenika 4, 8, 12ff .; Diodorus 14, 85, 4.
  4. ↑ Xenophon, Hellenika 5, 1, 25ff.
  5. ↑ Diodorus 15: 8-11; Plutarch, Artaxerxes 24.
  6. ↑ Plutarch, Artaxerxes 27ff.
personal data
SURNAME Tiribazos
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Persian satrap of Lydia
DATE OF BIRTH 5th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 4th century BC Chr.