Orthotrichum
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The Orthotrichum is a genus of the moss and comprises around 200 species worldwide that grow epiphytically on rocks or on the bark of trees, mainly in the temperate latitudes . In the German-speaking area, the mosses of the genus are also known as golden hair mosses . Many species are very good indicators of the goodness of the air. Due to air pollution, many species have declined or are threatened. In the meantime, the situation has eased again in some regions of Germany. Mainly anthropogenic SO 2 emissions were responsible for the disappearance of the mosses . They are therefore good bio-indicators for air purity, which decrease sharply even with a small increase in pollution.
Identifying features
Orthotrichum TYPES upright stems are formed. Their ovate to lanceolate, unframed, close-fitting or protruding leaves are not curled when dry. The leaf margins, on the other hand, are usually rolled up or turned back. The midrib extends to the tip of the leaf and only emerges as a hyaline glass tip in the species Orthotrichum diaphanum . The lamina cells are often papillary, rectangular to rounded on six sides.
The seta of the Sporogons is extremely short. The capsule is therefore sunk into the leaf rosette. They usually only slightly tower above them. It has 8 to 16 furrows. The kalyptra is conical to bell-shaped. The peristome is usually doubled.
Golden hair moss can also reproduce vegetatively through the formation of leaf-like brood bodies.
Types (selection)
The deciduous moss genus is represented worldwide mainly in the temperate zones with almost 200 species. 33 species are known in Europe.
- Orthotrichum affine
- Orthotrichum alpestre
- Orthotrichum anomalum
- Orthotrichum consimile
- Orthotrichum cupulatum
- Orthotrichum diaphanum
- Orthotrichum gymnostomum
- Orthotrichum lyellii (after the botanist Charles Lyell )
- Orthotrichum obtusifolium (blunt-leaved golden hair moss)
- Orthotrichum pallens
- Orthotrichum patens
- Orthotrichum pulchellum
- Orthotrichum pumilum
- Orthotrichum rivulare
- Orthotrichum rupestre
- Orthotrichum scanicum
- Orthotrichum speciosum
- Orthotrichum sprucei
- Orthotrichum stellatum
- Orthotrichum stramineum
- Orthotrichum striatum (smooth-fruited golden hair moss)
- Orthotrichum tenellum
- Orthotrichum urnigerum
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our moss and fern plants. An introduction to the way of life, the construction and the recognition of native mosses, ferns, bear moss and horsetail. 10th edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-440-06700-9 .
