Oskar Backlund
Johan (Jon) Oskar Backlund (* 28. April 1846 in Länghem , Sweden ; † August 16 . Jul / 29. August 1916 greg. In Pulkovo in Petrograd ) was a Swedish - Russian astronomer .
Life
Backlund studied mathematics and astronomy at Uppsala University . He emigrated to Russia in 1876 to work at the observatory in Dorpat (Tartu) and from 1879 at the observatory in Pulkowa . From 1895 until his death he was director of the Pulkowa observatory.
Backlund worked mainly in the field of celestial mechanics , especially perturbative calculations on the orbit of Comet Encke , from which he also derived estimates of the mass of Mercury . From 1898 to 1900 he carried out geodetic studies in Spitzbergen .
His son Helge Backlund was a geology professor and his daughter Elsa Backlund-Celsing (1880–1974) an artist.
Appreciations
In 1883 he became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 1895 of the Académie des Sciences , 1903 of the National Academy of Sciences , 1897 of the Swedish Academy of Sciences , 1914 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and 1911 of the Royal Society .
In 1909 he was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and in 1914 the Bruce Medal . The asteroid (856) Backlunda is named after him. He was also the namesake for the lunar crater Backlund .
Fonts
- On the development of the absolute disturbances of a comet. Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg 1880.
- To the development of the disturbance function. 1884.
- Studies on the star catalog "Positions Moyennes de 3,542 étoiles, déterminées à l'aide du cercle méridien de Poulkova dans les années 1840-69 et réduites à l'époque 1855". 1886.
- About the derivation of the star catalogs contained in the eighth volume of the "Observations de Poulkova" along with some investigations about the Pulkowa meridian circle. 1888.
- Remarks on the appearance of hyper-elementary terms in perturbation theory. 1888.
- About some of the observations made by Winnecke on the Pulkowaer meridian circles in the years 1861–63. 1890.
- About the movement of a certain group of the little planets. 1892.
- Calculs et research on the comète d'Encke. 1892 ff.
Web links
- Article Oskar Backlund in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Biography , Astronet (Russian)
- Publications by O. Backlund in the Astrophysics Data System
- Obituaries for O. Backlund in the Astrophysics Data System
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Backlund, Oskar |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Backlund, Johan Oskar (full name); Backlund, Jons Oskar |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish-Russian astronomer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 28, 1846 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Langhem , Sweden |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 29, 1916 |
| Place of death | Pulkowo near Petrograd |