Oskar I. (Sweden)

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Oscar I of Sweden and Norway
King Oskar I as a child (painting by Jean-Baptiste Isabey , 1806)

Oskar I. ( Swedish also Oscar I .; born as François Joseph Oscar Bernadotte ; born July 4, 1799 in Paris , † July 8, 1859 in Stockholm ) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to 1859 .

Life

Oskar I was the only son of King Charles XIV John of Sweden , the former French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, and his wife Désirée Clary , who was called Desideria as Queen in Sweden . He was the godson of his uncle Joseph Bonaparte , later King of Naples (1806-1808) and King of Spain (1808-1813). Oskar grew up in France until 1810 and has lived in Sweden since his father was named the Swedish Crown Prince. After his father became king and he himself crown prince in 1818, he soon sympathized with the liberal opposition in the country.

After his father's death in 1844, he succeeded him. During his tenure, he carried out a number of liberal reforms and accepted liberals into the State Council. In foreign policy, he swung from his father's pro-Russian stance to lean on Britain. He was positive about Scandinavian unification ideas. In the German-Danish conflict over Schleswig and Holstein he supported Denmark, and in the Crimean War he strove for an anti-Russian Scandinavian neutrality pact, which however did not come about. After Oscar I's health had deteriorated, he handed over the business of government to his son Karl XV on September 25, 1857 .

In 1847 he founded the Order of Saint Olav , which is still the highest order in Norway today.

Robert Schumann dedicated his second symphony in C major, op.61 , to him in 1846.

King Oskar I is buried in Stockholm's Riddarholmskyrkan .

Oskar I as Crown Prince, around 1830, lithograph by Josef Lanzedelli the Elder. Ä.

progeny

In 1823, Oskar I and Josephine Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg , granddaughter of Empress Joséphine of France and King Maximilian I of Bavaria, married . The following children are from the marriage:

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to a copy of the birth certificate, the date of birth could also have been July 6, as Gabriel Girod de l'Ain researched for biographies on Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte and Désirée Clary; the original has been lost. The 4th is generally accepted.
  2. ↑ The sponsorship of Joseph Bonaparte is proven. Napoléon Bonaparte later claimed in his memoirs that he was the godfather and namesake of Oscar. Napoleon was on his Egypt campaign at the time of Oscar's birth, and there is no evidence of sponsorship recognition. So u. a. the Jean Baptist Bernadotte biographers Sir Dunbar Plunkton Barton, Hans Klaeber, Alain Girod de l'Ain, Fritz Corsing, Alain Palmer, Torvald T. Höjer and Clemens Amelunxen

Web links

Commons : Oskar I.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Charles XIV / III. Johann King of Sweden
1844-1859 		Charles XV./IV.
Charles XIV / III. Johann King of Norway
1844-1859 		Charles XV./IV.
Johan August Sandels Prime Minister of Norway
1824 		Johan August Sandels
Jonas Collett Prime Minister of Norway
1833 		Jonas Collett
personal data
SURNAME Oscar I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bernadotte, François Joseph Oscar; Oscar I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Sweden and Norway
DATE OF BIRTH 4th July 1799
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1859
Place of death Stockholm