East Asian moles
| East Asian moles | ||||||||||||
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Little Japanese Mole ( Mogera imaizumii ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Mogera | ||||||||||||
| Pomel , 1848 |
The East Asian moles ( Mogera of Japanese Mogura ( 土竜 , Earth Dragon 'or 鼹鼠 , mole')) is a mammal genus from the family of moles (Talpidae). The genus includes nine species that live in eastern Asia .
features
| 3 | · | 1 | · | 4th | · | 3 | = 42 |
| 3 | · | 0 | · | 4th | · | 3 |
| 3 | · | 1 | · | 4th | · | 3 | = 42 |
| 2 | · | 1 | · | 4th | · | 3 |
East Asian moles have the typical physique of the actual mole . Their body is cylindrical, the snout pointed. The thick fur is gray or brown in color. The front limbs are transformed into digging tools and yellowish in color, the tail is short and sparsely hairy. This genus differs from numerous other mole genera in that it has a slightly reduced set of 42 teeth. The decrease in the number of teeth is limited to the lower jaw. According to various statements, however, either the last incisor is no longer formed in an existing canine or the canine is missing and all three incisors appear. In addition, the last premolar is significantly enlarged. The thick fur is mostly dark brown in color. As far as is known, these animals reach a head-trunk length of 9 to 18 cm and a tail length of 0.7 to 3 cm. The weight varies from 24 to 170 g.
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life of these animals, but it should agree with that of the other real moles. According to this, they mostly live underground, where they set up passage systems. Their diet consists of earthworms, insects and other small animals.
Systematics
The genus includes around a dozen species that were previously classified in the genus Talpa , but are now in a separate genus due to differences in the structure of the teeth and the pelvis. They are likely to be closely related to the Southeast Asian moles ( Euroscaptor ).
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Internal systematics of the East Asian moles according to Shinohara et al. 2014
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A distinction is made between the following types:
- The Echigo mole ( Mogera etigo ) occurs on the Japanese island of Honshū only in the Echigo plains in Niigata prefecture .
- The Japanese Little Mole ( Mogera imaizumii ) is smaller than the Japanese Mole and occurs on Honshū.
- The Chinese island mole ( Mogera insularis ) is native to southeastern China and the islands of Taiwan and Hainan .
- The Kano mole ( Mogera kanoana ) lives on Taiwan in high mountain areas around 2800 m.
- The La Touche mole ( Mogera latouchei ) is widespread in southeastern China and Vietnam .
- The Ussuri mole ( Mogera robusta ) lives in northeastern China, in the far east of Russia and on the Korean Peninsula
- The Sado mole ( Mogera tokudae ) lives exclusively on the island of Sado off the west coast of Japan. Because of their small circulation area the species is, according to IUCN as endangered ( endangered ).
- The Ryukyu or Senkaku mole ( Mogera uchidai ) is so far only known from the Senkaku Islands , which belong to the Japanese Ryūkyū Islands . The species was only described in 1991 and is considered critically endangered. It used to be listed in its own genus, Nesoscaptor .
- The Japanese mole ( Mogera wogura ), which lives in large parts of Japan, is the most famous species.
Depending on the source, the Ussuri mole is wholly or partially combined with the Japanese mole ( M. wogura ). However, molecular genetic and karyological data from 2019 point to a separation of the two at the species level. The split dates back to the Lower to Middle Pleistocene from 1 million to 300,000 years ago. The La Touche mole has long been considered a subspecies of the Chinese island mole , morphological data and genetic studies speak for the independence of the form. The Kano mole was split off from the Chinese island mole in 2007 due to genetic findings.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c Large Mole. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 324-325.
- ↑ a b T. Sakai, H. Hanamura: A morphological study on the dentition of Insectivora. II Talpidae. Japanese Journal of Oral Biology, 15, 1973, pp. 333-346 ( [1] )
- ↑ a b c Akio Shinohara, Shin-Ichiro Kawada, Nguyen Truong Son, Chihiro Koshimoto, Hideki Endo, Dang Ngoc Can, Hitoshi Suzuki: Molecular phylogeny of East and Southeast Asian fossorial moles (Lipotyphla, Talpidae). Journal of Mammalogy 95 (3), 2014, pp. 455-466.
- ↑ a b Shin-ichiro Kawada, Akio Shinohara, Shuji Kobayashi, Masashi Harada, Sen-ichi Oda, Liang-Kong Lin: Revision of the mole genus Mogera (Mammalia: Lipotyphla: Talpidae) from Taiwan. Systematics and Biodiversity 5 (2), 2007, pp. 223-240.
- ↑ Boris Kryštufek, Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552-620 (pp. 614-617) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- ↑ Mogera robusta in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2017-2. Posted by: Andrew T. Smith , CH Johnston, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2017 ..
- ↑ Elena Zemlemerova, Alexey Abramov, Alexey Kryukov, Vladimir Lebedev, Mi-Sook Min, Seo-Jin Lee, Anna Bannikova: Genetic and morphologic diversity of the moles (Talpomorpha, Talpidae, Mogera) from the continental Far East. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 57, 2019, pp. 662-678, doi: 10.1111 / jzs.12272
literature
- Boris Kryštufek and Masaharu Motokawa: Talpidae (Moles, Desmans, Star-nosed Moles and Shrew Moles). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 8: Insectivores, Sloths, Colugos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2018, pp. 552-620 (pp. 614-617) ISBN 978-84-16728-08-4
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 2 volumes. 6th edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD et al. 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
- Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
