Braunschweig University of Education
The Braunschweig University of Education existed under the name of the Kant University from 1945 to 1969.
history
1927-1945
In 1927, the Free State of Braunschweig established the 8th Department of Cultural Studies at the Technical University of Braunschweig , where future primary school teachers had to study for six semesters. This meant that elementary school teachers were trained at an academic university, which was still an exception in the Weimar Republic. A doctorate to Dr. cult. was possible and was achieved in 20 dissertations from 1931 to 1944. From 1930 to 1937 446 students and 117 female students studied successfully. The TH gladly accepted this task in order to position itself more broadly academically. During the National Socialist era, there was a college for teacher training in Braunschweig called the " Bernhard Rust College", the building of which was erected from 1935 to 1937. In 1941 it became a teacher training institute without academic claims.
1945 - 1969/78
The provisional Lord Mayor of Braunschweig Erich Bockler created the "Kant-Hochschule" in 1945 to train teachers for the future in terms of the Enlightenment and the moral law of Kant . The entrance hall of the university showed the inscription "But the human being is not a thing, therefore not something that can be used merely as a means to an end." (I. Kant, Metaphysik der Sitten ) On November 2, 1945 began in the Kant university the course of study. Of almost 900 applicants, only 100-150 per year were accepted, including a number of talented non-Abitur graduates. In 1945 there were even 261 students for whom 17 full-time teachers were available.
Initially, the Kant-Hochschule was called the additional college for teacher training, but with the rise of Braunschweig in the state of Lower Saxony on November 1, 1946, the name was changed to a pedagogical college such as B. necessary in Celle .
Originally the British military government wanted to exclude all Wehrmacht officers and leaders from the Hitler Youth and BDM , but “homemade” denazification only excluded applicants who had committed crimes. The majority of the teaching staff was SPD- oriented, the historian and history didactic Georg Eckert became famous . The director from 1948 to 1956 was the later GEW chairman Heinrich Rodenstein (civic education), the vice director Albert Trapp (German). Other professors from 1948 onwards were Eberhard Schomburg (curative education), the philosopher and Kant expert Friedrich Kaulbach , Richard Beatus (natural science) and the psychologist Karl Zietz. Political education has been consistently pursued as an independent subject at the Kant University since it was founded, which was not the case at the other PH in Lower Saxony until the 1960s. The graduation was initially in four semesters, but by 1952 the number rose to six semesters.
- “A process that had been unique in Lower Saxony, in the entire British zone and beyond had taken place. On the one hand, British education officers - convinced of the honesty of the applicants' efforts to bring about a democratic new beginning and aware of the fact that these were people who had resisted during the Nazi era - approved a step that clearly did contradicted allied regulations. On the other hand, the Kant-Hochschule practiced a procedure in the assessment of young people for admission to studies which, in their opinion, was better able than any denazification provision to contribute responsibly to the development of democratic attitudes. " (Zöllner, 1972)
In 1969 the PH Braunschweig was integrated as a location into the Lower Saxony University of Education . In 1978 the Braunschweig site was fully integrated into the Technical University of Braunschweig.
literature
- Peter Albrecht: University of Education. In: Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , p. 176 .
- Andreas Eberhard and Lars Strominski: From the Little Exer to the House of Science. The place, the house, its history. Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 2017, ISBN 978-3-927115-78-1 (= publications of the university library and the university archive of Braunschweig, volume 18.Catalogue for the permanent exhibition opened on September 8, 2016 in the Haus der Wissenschaft Braunschweig). on-line
- Dieter Dowe , Eckhardt Fuchs, Heike Christina Mätzing, Steffen Collector (eds.): Georg Eckert: Grenzgänger Between Science and Politics, Göttingen 2017, p. 67ff.
- Uwe Sandfuchs: Structural change in elementary school teacher training 1927–1952. The example of Braunschweig. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch , Volume 67, self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1986, pp. 141–169.
- Uwe Sandfuchs: University teacher training in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich: a historical-systematic study using the example of teacher training at the Technical University of Braunschweig 1918-1940 , Bad Heilbrunn, Klinkhardt 1978 ISBN 9783781503908
- Karl Zietz : Small chronicle of the Braunschweig University of Education , series of the Braunschweig University of Education, 4, Verlag der Waisenhaus-Druckerei, Braunschweig 1967
- Christian W. Zöllner: New ways at the Kant University in Braunschweig. An order for a new beginning in teacher training after 1945 , Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch, 53 (1972), pp. 278–332