Teacher training institute

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Teacher training institutes ( LBA ) were academies for the training of compulsory school teachers .

Germany

Teacher training in the Weimar Republic and in the "Third Reich"

School teacher seminar and practice school in Lübeck

According to the Weimar Constitution , there should be academic training for all teachers. As a result, the previous preparatory institutions in Prussia were closed in 1922/1923 and the teachers' seminars for elementary school teachers in 1925/1926 . In 1926 the first pedagogical academies were founded, for which the Abitur was required. The decision to establish it was taken by the Reichstag , but implementation was in the hands of the Reichsländer. Of the fifteen academies founded in Prussia, eight were closed again by 1932 due to the economic hardship in the Great Depression. At that time there was a surplus of teachers that was only slowly being reduced. After a long debate, the state of Baden founded three "teacher training institutions" in Karlsruhe ( simultaneous school ), Freiburg i. Br. (Catholic) and Heidelberg (ev.), For whom the Abitur was the rule, but not mandatory. The Pasing teacher training institute had existed in Bavaria since 1910 .

From March 1933, the pedagogical academies were renamed the College for Teacher Training (HfL). As early as the mid-1930s, there was a future shortage of teachers , especially in elementary schools, which were not seen as particularly attractive. High school graduates, who mostly completed a university degree, aimed for higher paid posts. Due to the Nazi school policy , their number fell sharply. For many parents it was too expensive to finance their children 's education at a high school up to the Abitur. The higher education for girls was pushed back for ideological reasons. State intervention was required to remedy the shortage of teachers. A model was provided by the teacher training institutes (LBA) that are common in annexed Austria . From 1939, the first step was to promote the pre-education required for teacher training among elementary school graduates and to give them free training.

Foundation of teacher training institutes

Gym and sports facility of the former Trier teacher training college , today on the Schneidershof campus of Trier University of Applied Sciences before the 2013/14 redesign
Former classroom building of the Trier teacher training college, today on the Schneidershof campus of the Trier University of Applied Sciences

In November 1940, a Führer decree ordered that from 1941 teacher training institutes were to be established. Talented pupils, who were mostly unable to attend secondary school for financial reasons, were given the opportunity to train as elementary school teachers after successfully attending the elementary school for eight years. In order to meet the need for teachers it was planned to admit 16,000 students annually to the LBA. The appropriate students were reported by their schools. The decision on admission to the LBA was made after the result of a two-week selection course.

The establishment of teacher training institutes (LBA) meant a departure from the academic teacher training that had been represented until then but was opposed by Nazi school policy. The core of the measure was the elimination of the existing teacher shortage, which was expected because of the many dead. The training period should be five years from primary school graduation to the first teacher examination, i.e. shortened by one year compared to the previous regulation. With a middle school leaving certificate, three years was enough. After two years of service, the second teacher examination should take place before the life-long service. Education took place at state costs in boarding schools , so that attending this type of school did not depend on the parents' financial situation. Clothing, teaching materials and medical care were included. In addition, the students received pocket money.

At the beginning of the school year (Easter) 1941/1942 the first teacher training institutes were established. The students of the previous advanced courses were integrated into the new system, for boys in Neukloster and for girls in Crivitz (Mecklenburg). The selection was made according to the decree of September 8, 1941 according to general attitude (leadership ability), physical performance (sport), intellectual talent, music and work. In 1942, the educational principles of the Hitler Youth and the LBA were coordinated between Bernhard Rust and Artur Axmann . It was very military and disciplined. Physical education was right at the top of the subjects. In addition, there were a lot of work assignments and camps. The professional theory and practice only followed in the fourth and fifth year. The existing universities for teacher training (HfL) were formally converted into teacher training institutions on April 1, 1942, in Mecklenburg in Güstrow . However, they soon had problems achieving the required numbers. After the end of the Second World War , the teacher training institutions were abolished again. The buildings of the former teacher training college in Trier, erected between 1939 and 1942, have been almost completely preserved. Today they are part of the Schneidershof campus of the Trier University of Applied Sciences .

Known students

Some people who later became known as writers attended teacher training institutions in their youth:

Austria

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The training at Austrian teacher training institutes lasted five years and was completed with the Matura and the teaching examination . The teacher training institutes were replaced by the pedagogical academies (around 1970), which in turn were converted into pedagogical universities in 2007 .

See also

South-Tirol

In South Tyrol, primary school teachers were trained at LBAs until 1997.

Single receipts

  1. ^ Hermann Langer: On the training of Mecklenburg elementary school teachers under the swastika (1932-1945), in: Zeitgeschichte regional 1/2012, p. 82f

literature

  • Rudolf Braunburg: Behind walls - a youth in Germany , (autobiographically colored novel about a school time at the LBA Bardel). Rowohlt, Hamburg 1989.
  • Ulrike Gutzmann : From the college for teacher training to the teacher training institute. The new regulation of primary school teacher training in the time of National Socialism and its implementation in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg , Düsseldorf 2000.
  • Ludwig Harig: Woe to those who step out of line. Novel. Hanser, Munich 1990. (In it, among other things, autobiographical passages on the LBA Idstein.)
  • Josef Holub: Lausige Zeiten , Beltz and Gelberg, Weinheim 1997. (Everyday life at a German teacher training institute in Bohemia around 1940; middle part of an autobiographical novel trilogy.)
  • Klaus Johann: Limit and stop: The individual in the “House of Rules”. To German-language boarding school literature. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2003, (= contributions to recent literary history. 201.), ISBN 3-8253-1599-1 , pp. 510-560 (chapter boarding school literature and Nazism , including literary and autobiographical treatment of the topic).
  • Hans Georg Kirchhoff (ed.): The teacher in picture and caricature - 200 years of teacher training - Wesel-Soest-Dortmund - 1784–1984 , Bochum 1986.
  • Harald Scholtz : Political and social function of teacher training institutions 1941–1945. In: Journal for Pedagogy. May 29, 1983. Pp. 693-709.
  • Hubert Titz: The Bardel Monastery as a "teacher training institution" 1940 to 1945 during National Socialism in Germany . In: Das Bentheimer Land , Volume 133 / Bentheimer Jahrbuch 1995 . Bad Bentheim 1994.
  • Living and Learning in Bardel - The History of the Mission High School 1922–1982 . Developed by a group of students. In it: The monastery as a National Socialist teacher training institute , p. 31ff. Bardel (Bad Bentheim) 1982.

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