PU-12

Control center 9S482 (PU-12)

The command post PU-12 ( Russian пункт управления-12, ПУ-12 , transcription : point uprawlenja-12) was used to guide the fire of anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft missile batteries. The command post served to display an air situation picture, the selection of the targets to be combated and the forwarding of target data to the anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft missile batteries. The device was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1950s . It was used in the anti-aircraft batteries equipped with the Fla-Sfl ZSU-23-4 and in the anti - aircraft missile batteries of the motorized rifle and tank regiments equipped with this and the anti-aircraft missile system 9K31 Strela-1 and 9K35 Strela-10 . It was also used in the anti-aircraft missile regiments of the motorized rifle divisions equipped with the 9K33 Osa anti-aircraft missile system.

The system's GRAY index is 9S482, for the further development PU-12M it is 9S482M. The number 50 15 00 (9S482) and 50 16 00 (9S482M) have been assigned to the system in the numbering list for technology and armament in the public sector of the Missile and Weapons Service of the National People's Army (NVA). In the NVA the system was called an automated command post, abbreviated AFüSt.

prehistory

In the Soviet Union, the first anti-aircraft missile systems were introduced into service in the 1950s. At the same time, with the radar stations P-12 and P-15, powerful reconnaissance equipment became available for the time. Appropriate means of fire control had to be created for these extensive reconnaissance and effective systems. With the automated fire control complex 9S44 Krab , a system was available from the end of the 1950s that enabled the representation of a uniform air situation picture, the selection of the targets to be combated and the determination of the reference values for the anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft missile batteries. Initially developed for use in the automatic 57 mm anti- aircraft missile S-60 or the anti-aircraft missile system S-75 Dwina , it was later adapted for use in the anti-aircraft missile regiments equipped with the anti-aircraft missile systems 2K11 Krug and 2K12 Kub . The system corresponded to the state of the art at the time, but had deficiencies with regard to the number of air targets that could be represented and combated at the same time, and the reliability of the data transmission was not very high. Developed for use in regiments equipped with deployable weapon systems, tactical mobility was correspondingly low. With the ZSU-23-4, however, an anti-aircraft system was first introduced in the Soviet Army in the 1960s that could carry out reconnaissance and fire fighting while on the move. The anti-aircraft missile systems 9K31, 9K33 and 9K35 were also mobile, so that the 9S44 system no longer met the increased requirements.

construction

Structure of the command post

The command post consists of

the automated guidance system ASPD or ASPD-M,
telecommunications equipment,
the navigation equipment,
the air situation map,
the information panels to show the state and the combat work of the air defense complexes,
the power supply,
various observation devices,
the accessories and the
Base vehicle.

The components of the system enabled largely autonomous use as well as testing, maintenance and repair under field-like conditions.

Fundamental interaction of the elements of the system

The command post could be coupled with various radar stations to display the air situation. Use with the P-19 and P-40 radars was typical , but use with the P-15 was also possible. The command post could be operated up to a distance of 300 m away from the radar stations. The air situation picture was displayed on a viewing device . The targets to be combated could be selected and provided with additional information. The target data and the additional information could be transmitted to a further control point, which was typically located within the anti-aircraft or anti-aircraft missile battery. Overall, this made it possible to display a uniform air situation picture within the regiment. The central selection of the targets to be combated avoided multiple or non-combating of an air target.

However, in contrast to the 9S44 system, it was not possible to automatically transmit the target data to the Fla-Sfl or the launch vehicles. Instead, the target data had to be transmitted by radio.

The crew of the command post consisted of a total of four soldiers:

Group leader,
Operator,
Radio operator-reconnaissance and
Driver.

Carrier vehicle, power supply and navigation equipment

A BTR-60 PB armored transport vehicle was used as the carrier vehicle . The command post can be distinguished from the original version by the 6 m telescopic mast for the antenna and the lack of a rotating turret for the armament. The slewing ring of the tower was closed by a plate on which the generator set is loaded. The hull, chassis and engine of the BTR-60 remained unchanged. The command system ASPD or ASPD-M, the telecommunication and navigation equipment as well as the air situation map were installed in the combat compartment of the transport tank.

The power supply was ensured via the AB-1-P / 30-M1-I electrical unit and the G290B generator coupled to the traction motors. At a nominal voltage of 30 V direct current, the unit delivered an output of one kilowatt.

The navigation equipment consisted of the course indicator 1G13M and the course table KP-4. The course indicator is a gyro compass to determine the direction of movement of the vehicle. The course table is a computing device with which the coordinates of the position of the command post are determined continuously while driving, the distance covered is drawn on a map. The mean error in determining the coordinates is less than 22 m for a distance of less than 4 km, and 0.6% of the distance covered for longer distances. With the help of the alignment circle PAB-2, the position of the command post could be measured and the navigation system set up.

Automated guidance system ASPD, information panels and air situation map

in the lower center of the picture an IT display unit, which was also used in the ASPDU to display the air situation picture

The automated guidance system ASPD ( Russian автоматическая система передачи данных ) is used for the automatic transmission, reception, storage and display (on a panoramic device) of air situation information and the reception and delivery of addressed target assignments. In addition, commands or messages could be transmitted and displayed in the form of two-digit numbers. In the modification PU-12M the ASPD-U ( Russian автоматическая система передачи данных усовершенствованная ) was used. With the ASPDU, a larger number of air targets could be displayed and selected for combat. The target data determined by the coupled radar devices were displayed on a display device IT or IT-45 (PU-12M), the rotation of the display device was synchronized with the rotation of the radar station. The scale of the representation could be switched between 100 and 50 km. The air targets to be combated were selected and marked. Each aerial target to be fought was assigned a two-digit target number, the target altitude and other information. The information was transmitted via a data link between the radar station and the command center or between two command centers, either by radio or by wire. In total, up to six additional management posts could be connected from one management post. The errors in target assignment amounted to a maximum of 5 ° according to the lateral angle and a maximum of 3,000 m according to the distance.

With the help of the information panels IT-1 and IT-2, the technical condition and the tactical situation of the guided anti-aircraft missile systems can be displayed and entered.

The routes of the aerial targets, based on the location of the connected radar stations, were manually plotted on the air situation map, and the lateral angle and the oblique distance of the targets based on one's own location were determined.

Radio equipment

The radio equipment consisted of a total of five radios: a VHF radio set R-111, three tank radios R-123 and one radio R-407. With the radio equipment, ranges of 25 to 30 km while moving and 50 to 60 km when stationary were possible. Communication within the command center was ensured and the radio equipment to be used was selected via the RTK-1 commander's console, the distribution boxes and the on-board intercom system. Furthermore, up to five wired telecommunication lines could be connected to the commander's console.

commitment

Operational principles

Use of the PU-12M command post in the 9K33 anti-aircraft missile regiment

The automated command post PU-12 was originally developed to manage the anti-aircraft batteries equipped with the ZSU-23-4 and the anti-aircraft missile batteries equipped with the 9K31 Strela-1 or 9K35 Strela-10 . These batteries do not have their own electronic reconnaissance devices. The Fla-Sfl 23/4 has the possibility of electronic reconnaissance, but the range is small. Furthermore, a uniform image of the air situation cannot be displayed in the battery. This increases the risk of non-combating or multiple combating of air targets and limits the overall effectiveness of the battery.
In order to obtain reconnaissance information, however, the air defense chief of the motorized rifle or tank regiments has extensive radar equipment. This air situation information was displayed in the command post of the head of the air defense and was transmitted from there to the command post of the anti-aircraft or anti-aircraft missile battery, which could be located several kilometers from the command post of the head of the air defense. This transfer ensured a uniform air picture in the regiment. The technical condition and operational readiness of the battery's anti-aircraft weapons were entered in the battery's command post and transferred to the command post of the head of the air defense, who thus had a constant overview of the current situation of his own forces. By assigning the head of the air defense to a central target, it was possible to ensure a coordinated use of the weapon systems in line with the threat and the situation.

The automated command post PU-12M was used in the anti-aircraft file regiments of the motorized rifle divisions equipped with the 9K33 Osa anti-aircraft missile system. There was one command post in the regiment's command battery and one command post in each of the five anti-aircraft files, the command post of the command battery served to display the air situation and to assign targets.

The automated command post PU-12M continued to be used in the anti-aircraft missile regiments equipped with the 9K330 Tor anti-aircraft missile system, the anti-aircraft batteries equipped with the 2K22 Tunguska and for the management of portable anti-aircraft missile systems. In the meantime, the PU-12M command post has been largely replaced by the PU-12M6 and PU-12M7 command posts.

Use in the NVA

The National People's Army of the GDR procured the PU-12 from the beginning of the 1980s. The anti-aircraft batteries ZSU-23-2 "Schilka" and the anti-aircraft rocket artillery batteries (ZSU-23-4 "Schilka" and FRK 9K31M "Strela 1" or 9K35M "Strela 10") of the motorized riflemen were equipped. and tank regiments as well as the command batteries of the chiefs and chiefs of the air defense forces. From the mid-1980s, the two anti-aircraft missile regiments of the 8th motorized and 11th motorized rifle divisions were equipped with the PU-12M .

After the NVA was dissolved, several PU-12Ms were handed over to Greece together with the 9K33 Osa . A few command posts were taken over by the Bundeswehr and used for threat simulation.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Leadership 9S482 (PU-12) / 9S482M (PU-12M). Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ Комплекс боевого управления "Краб" К-1. October 5, 2000, accessed January 13, 2014 (Russian).
↑ Fire control complex K1 (KBU / KPZ). Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p automated control center (AFüSt) Pu-12, Pu-12M (9S482 / 9S482M). Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ AB-1-P / 30 electrical unit. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ Course table KP-4. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ VHF radio set R-111. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ Radio R-123. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ Radio R-407. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .
↑ Пу-12, ПУ-12М, ПУ-12М6 (9С482М6), ПУ-12М (9С482М7), семейство подвижных пунктов управления средствами. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014 ; Retrieved January 13, 2014 (Russian).

Web links

Commons : PU-12 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

[rwd-PU12-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Leadership 9S482 (PU-12) / 9S482M (PU-12M). Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[2] Комплекс боевого управления "Краб" К-1. October 5, 2000, accessed January 13, 2014 (Russian).

[3] Fire control complex K1 (KBU / KPZ). Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[Flak11-PU12-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p automated control center (AFüSt) Pu-12, Pu-12M (9S482 / 9S482M). Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[5] AB-1-P / 30 electrical unit. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[6] Course table KP-4. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[7] VHF radio set R-111. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[8] Radio R-123. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[9] Radio R-407. Technology catalog. In: Missile and Weapons Technical Service in Kdo. MB III. Retrieved January 13, 2014 .

[10] Пу-12, ПУ-12М, ПУ-12М6 (9С482М6), ПУ-12М (9С482М7), семейство подвижных пунктов управления средствами. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014 ; Retrieved January 13, 2014 (Russian).